Understanding the Climate Behavior Through Data Interpretation: Java-Bali-Nusa Tenggara Case

Abstract

As an archipelago country in the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate and often is subjected to monsoonal circulation. The geographical location affects Indonesia to have two seasons, which are the rainy season and drier season. Every season has its characteristic impacts against the mean temperature and rainfall rate. This research aims to analyze Indonesia’s mean temperature and rainfall rate data concerning its tropical climate. The areas observed are limited to Java, Bali, and Nusa Tenggara Island from January 2019 to December 2020. The data gathered from the official Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) website were processed using MATLAB, and Spearman’s correlation was applied to analyze the rainfall and temperature data. From the observation, this study discovered that the mean temperature data is stable throughout the areas but reaches maximum during the transition between rainy and drier seasons and minimum during the middle of the rainy season. The data observation is often fluctuated, even though showing less rain during the drier season and more during rainy seasons. The fluctuation is affected by the geographical fact that Indonesia has a large water surface, which makes evaporation easily induced by warm tropical temperatures.

Spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater level trends and recharge rate estimation in the unconfined aquifer of Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin, Indonesia

“…Like the climatic conditions in most areas of Indonesia, the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin area has a tropical climate and often experiences monsoon circulation because it is located near the equator (Natayu et al, 2021). Due to the geographical location closely related to climate aspects, particularly average rainfall, and temperature, the area experiences both rainy and dry seasons.…”

“…Higher rainfall intensity is expected in tropical areas due to a correlation with warm conditions. Therefore, with an increase in average temperature, it is assumed that rainfall intensity will also increase (Natayu et al, 2021).…”