Understanding the changes induced by the incorporation of trees in low densities into livestock systems: relevance of a long-term interdisciplinary experimental platform

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to describe the creation process of the first long-term experimental platform designed for interdisciplinary studies of Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) in Uruguay. This experiment involves professionals from diverse fields working together to generate knowledge for sustainable agriculture. The focus is on understanding long-term interactions in SPS, emphasizing native ecosystem conservation and increased agricultural productivity. Covering 30 ha, this experimental platform incorporates three treatments, implemented in a randomized complete block design with three replications: 1) a natural grassland without trees, 2) a two-row SPS with 160 trees/ha, and 3) a four-row SPS with 240 trees/ha. The platform's design involves the exploration of variables such as aboveground biomass and botanical composition, microclimate, silviculture, livestock performance, soil carbon dynamics, ecosystem integrity index, monitoring ecological indicators such as amphibian and soil spiders, optimizing modeling and economic benefit and social aspects. This platform will allow us to understand the changes induced by the incorporation of trees in two different densities to livestock systems. We also expect to understand the best combination of activities to optimize the income of the farmers, considering the relevance of a positive impact on social aspects, such as increased demand of employment, adoption by farmers, and the interest of new generations.