Understanding the cation exchange affinity in modified-MMT catalysts for the conversion of glucose to lactic acid

Abstract

This study investigated the exchange affinity of Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ cations in sulfuric acid-purified montmorillonite (S-MMT) to enhance Lewis acid sites and subsequently improve the catalytic conversion of glucose to lactic acid.

Photo-, electro-, and photoelectro-catalytic conversion of glucose into high value-added products

“…4 GNA is used as a food preservative and protein coagulant. 5 LA is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and bioplastic packaging industries 6 while FA is utilized in textile processing and the formulation of food flavors 7 (see Fig. 2).…”