Understanding the Benefits and Costs of Urban Forest Ecosystems

Nowak, David J.; Dwyer, John F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4289-8_2

Cited by 317 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similarly, tree shade that lowers summer cooling costs could increase winter heating costs [102]. Trees might be positioned in a way that limits winter sunlight, turning shade into a disservice [103].…”

Section: Can Trees Detract From Urban Sustainability?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equipment used for tree maintenance is usually powered by fossil fuels, so engine emissions need to be factored against trees' carbon-storage capabilities [102]. These costs might start to outweigh the benefits of trees if urban vegetation is short-lived or stressed, and requires constant attention or removal and replacement [108].…”

Section: Can Trees Detract From Urban Sustainability?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability

et al. 2015

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Abstract:We argue that a healthy urban forest contributes immensely to the sustainability of cities. The argument is based on a comprehensive array of values elicited from Canadians in several cities. To begin, we define the urban forest as inclusive of all the trees in the city and thus representing the predominant contributor to a city's green infrastructure. Then we enumerate and explain the broad diversity of ways in which urban people value trees in the city. We, thus, show the myriad pathways by which trees contribute positively to any city's social, economic, and ecological sustainability. Following a short summary of the ways in which trees may detract from people's quality of life, we present promising management directions for urban-forest improvement, as we understand the situation in Canada. We conclude that all cities can enhance their sustainability by improving the urban forest.

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Section: Can Trees Detract From Urban Sustainability?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Can Trees Detract From Urban Sustainability?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability

et al. 2015

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“…Indicators were developed from relevant literature that represented a wide range of economic, environmental and social issues [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The indicators included both quantitative and qualitative issues (see Appendix Table A1).…”

Section: Indicator Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Criteria and indicators are a commonly used tool in the profession of forestry [17][18][19] and urban design [20]. There have been a few studies looking at indicator sets for urban forestry [21][22][23][24][25][26]. None of the existing indicator sets captured the full range of urban forest benefits required for this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Forest Indicators for Planning and Designing Future Forests

Barron

Sheppard

Condon

2016

Forests

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This paper describes a research project exploring future urban forests. This study uses a Delphi approach to develop a set of key indicators for healthy, resilient urban forests. Two groups of experts participated in the Delphi survey: International academics and local practitioners. The results of the Delphi indicate that "urban tree diversity" and "physical access to nature" are indicators of high importance. "Tree risk" and "energy conservation" were rated as indicators of relatively low importance. Results revealed some differences between academics and practitioners in terms of their rating of the indicators. The research shows that some indicators rated as high importance are not necessarily the ones measured or promoted by many municipal urban forestry programs. In particular, social indicators of human health and well-being were rated highly by participants, but not routinely measured by urban forestry programs.

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“…Besides the benefits named above, it is necessary to consider diverse real and potential costs that have to be taken into account when optimizing the net benefits from urban vegetation [4]. According to Nowak and Dwyer [4], the environmental costs can be initiated by the inappropriate landscape designs, tree selection, and tree maintenance, which can result in pollen production and chemical emissions from trees and grass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Concept of Public Greenery on the Basis of an Analysis of Czech Municipal Financing

Rousek

Hašková

2017

SHS Web Conf.

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Abstract. The public sector is an inseparable part of every economy. It performs a number of functions such as providing public services, environmental protection, defense, security, education, health, justice and many others. Each institution's duty is to care for its own property. Public spaces, parks and other public greenery are mostly owned by municipalities. Taking care of public greenery is a part of public spending because the source of money is municipal budgets.

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Understanding the Benefits and Costs of Urban Forest Ecosystems

Cited by 317 publications

References 32 publications

Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability

Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability

Urban Forest Indicators for Planning and Designing Future Forests

Changes in the Concept of Public Greenery on the Basis of an Analysis of Czech Municipal Financing

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