Understanding suicide clusters through exploring self-harm: Semi-structured interviews with individuals presenting with near-fatal self-harm during a suicide cluster

John, Ann; Marchant, Amanda; Hawton, Keith; Gunnell, David; Cleobury, Louise; Thomson, Susan; Spencer, Sarah; Dennis, Michael; Lloyd, Kenneth E.; Scourfield, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114566

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Qualitative data from focus groups are induced and guided by introducing initial questions pertaining to the topic of interest. Using emerging inductive data, the researcher engages in theoretical sampling, thereby permitting participants to consider and fully express their own experiences (John et al ., 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Saudi psychiatric mental health nurses’ roles in the inpatient mental health care setting

Alhamidi

Alyousef²

2023

AGJSR

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PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the roles of psychiatric mental health nurses during their work experiences in inpatient clinical settings.Design/methodology/approachA focus group of 10 graduate psychiatric nurses with more than two years’ practice in inpatient psychiatric settings reflected on their last six months’ work placements and continuous employment. The transcripts and field notes were analyzed through thematic analysis of inductive data.FindingsTwo main themes emerged: management roles and clinical roles. The participants reflected on caring activities and obstacles encountered in fulfilling their professional roles.Originality/valueMultiple practice issues emerged. The participants perceived that psychiatric nurse specialists are required to perform more caring functions than practicable in the inpatient setting due to an excess of noncaring duties, structural minimization of the caring role and inadequate training. They felt that many of the functions performed were not within their expectations of the caring role of a psychiatric nurse specialist and believed that changes in nurse education and attention to clarification of nurses’ roles might enhance the role they play in patient care.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Saudi psychiatric mental health nurses’ roles in the inpatient mental health care setting

Alhamidi

Alyousef²

2023

AGJSR

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“…First, we only considered the proximity of space (based on residence) and time (based on the date of self-harm or suicide) between individuals and could not analyse social network connections (Hawton et al, 2020). Recent studies used data from the police and coroner reports to investigate the social links between cluster-related suicides (Hill et al, 2020a(Hill et al, , 2020b or interviews with people who self-harmed to investigate the link between self-harm in these individuals and previous cluster-related suicides (John et al, 2022). Second, our analysis comparing cluster-related and unrelated cases did not include information on other risk factors of suicidal behaviour such as drug or alcohol abuse and history of self-harm, which may contribute to the clustering of suicidal behaviour (Haw et al, 2013).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space–time self-harm and suicide clusters in two cities in Taiwan

Conway

Liang

et al. 2023

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims Suicidal acts may cluster in time and space and lead to community concerns about further imitative suicidal episodes. Although suicide clusters have been researched in previous studies, less is known about the clustering of non-fatal suicidal behaviour (self-harm). Furthermore, most previous studies used crude temporal and spatial information, e.g., numbers aggregated by month and residence area, for cluster detection analysis. This study aimed to (i) identify space–time clusters of self-harm and suicide using daily incidence data and exact address and (ii) investigate the characteristics of cluster-related suicidal acts. Methods Data on emergency department presentations for self-harm and suicide deaths in Taipei City and New Taipei City, Taiwan, were used in this study. In all-age and age-specific analyses, self-harm and suicide clusters were identified using space–time permutation scan statistics. A cut-off of 0.10 for the p value was used to identify possible clusters. Logistic regression was used to investigate the characteristics associated with cluster-related episodes. Results A total of 5,291 self-harm episodes and 1,406 suicides in Taipei City (2004–2006) and 20,531 self-harm episodes and 2,329 suicides in New Taipei City (2012–2016) were included in the analysis. In the two cities, two self-harm clusters (n [number of self-harm episodes or suicide deaths in the cluster] = 4 and 8 in Taipei City), four suicide clusters (n = 3 in Taipei City and n = 4, 11 and 4 in New Taipei City) and two self-harm and suicide combined clusters (n = 4 in Taipei City and n = 8 in New Taipei City) were identified. Space–time clusters of self-harm, suicide, and self-harm and suicide combined accounted for 0.05%, 0.59%, and 0.08% of the respective groups of suicidal acts. Cluster-related episodes of self-harm and suicide were more likely to be male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26, 3.89) and young people aged 10–29 years (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.43, 5.21) than their cluster-unrelated counterparts. Conclusions Space–time clusters of self-harm, suicide, and self-harm and suicide combined accounted for a relatively small proportion of suicidal acts and were associated with some sex/age characteristics. Focusing on suicide deaths alone may underestimate the size of some clusters and/or lead to some clusters being overlooked. Future research could consider combining self-harm and suicide data and use social connection information to investigate possible clusters of suicidal acts.

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“…Where no action takes place following a suicide and no lessons are learned in its aftermath, then others affected by similar working conditions may be at risk. It is for this reason that the notion of a suicide cluster is used in other contexts to identify rises in suicide during a specific period of time or within a given locality which may be linked to risk factors derived from the collective context (John et al , 2022).…”

Section: Seeking Social Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Ofsted suicides: who is responsible for suicide prevention?

Waters

Palmer

2023

JPMH

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the response of the relevant authorities to evidence that female primary schoolteachers have an elevated suicide risk in the UK. The paper situates the recent tragic death of a primary school head teacher, following an Ofsted inspection at her school, within the wider context of teacher suicide deaths and asks what, if any, action the authorities have taken to prevent avoidable suicide deaths from occurring. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines a recent case of suicide by a primary head teacher within the wider context of statistical data on suicides by primary schoolteachers and in relation to previous cases of suicide linked to a school inspection. Findings The paper suggests that the relevant authorities have failed to act in relation to evidence of high suicide risk amongst female primary schoolteachers and to previous suicide deaths linked to the impact of a school inspection. Without learning from suicide deaths and acting on available evidence, there is a risk that preventable suicide deaths will continue to occur. Originality/value The paper draws together case study evidence and statistical data to make the case for regulatory reform to ensure that work-related suicides are investigated, monitored and prevented.

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Understanding suicide clusters through exploring self-harm: Semi-structured interviews with individuals presenting with near-fatal self-harm during a suicide cluster

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Perceptions of Saudi psychiatric mental health nurses’ roles in the inpatient mental health care setting

Perceptions of Saudi psychiatric mental health nurses’ roles in the inpatient mental health care setting

Space–time self-harm and suicide clusters in two cities in Taiwan

Ofsted suicides: who is responsible for suicide prevention?

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