Understanding successful resistance management

Siegfried, Blair D.; Hellmich, Richard L.

doi:10.4161/gmcr.20715

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Although new Bt toxins and ways of killing pests will undoubtedly become available in the future, about 12 years is currently needed to implement novel insecticidal transgenic crops in the United States [79]. The refuge strategy has been successful for delaying resistance to Bt crops in pests with high susceptibility to Bt toxins [19,80]. However, the rapid evolution of resistance recently observed in pests with low inherent susceptibility to Bt toxins such as S. frugiperda and D. v. virgifera (Table 1) indicates that some pests could rapidly overcome most or all Bt crops available to control them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Pyramids and Seed Mixtures Delay Resistance to Bt Crops?

Carrière¹,

Fabrick²,

Tabashnik³

2016

Trends in Biotechnology

193

212

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The primary strategy for delaying the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) entails refuges of plants that do not produce Bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests. Recent advances include using refuges together with Bt crop 'pyramids' that make two or more Bt toxins effective against the same pest, and planting seed mixtures yielding random distributions of pyramided Bt and non-Bt corn plants within fields. We conclude that conditions often deviate from those favoring the success of pyramids and seed mixtures, particularly against pests with low inherent susceptibility to Bt toxins. For these problematic pests, promising approaches include using larger refuges and integrating Bt crops with other pest management tactics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Pyramids and Seed Mixtures Delay Resistance to Bt Crops?

Carrière¹,

Fabrick²,

Tabashnik³

2016

Trends in Biotechnology

193

212

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“…Resulting larvae were used in a single-plant bioassay following Gassmann et al [18]. The bioassay consisted of 12 replicates of two corn types, Bt (Cry3Bb1 [DKC [43][44][45][46][47][48] and its non-Bt genetic isoline [DKC [43][44][45][46]). Plants were grown in 1 L plastic cups (Placon, Madison, WI) to the V4-V5 growth stage [40].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Western corn rootworm abundance, injury to corn, and resistance to Cry3Bb1 in the local landscape of previous problem fields

2020

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Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of corn in the United States. Transgenic corn expressing insecticidal proteins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an important tool used to manage rootworm populations. However, field-evolved resistance to Bt threatens this technology. In areas where resistance is present, resistant individuals may travel from one field to a neighboring field, spreading resistance alleles. An important question that remains to be answered is the extent to which greater-than-expected root injury (i.e., >1 node of injury) to Cry3Bb1 corn from western corn rootworm is associated with rootworm abundance, root injury, and levels of resistance in neighboring fields. To address this question, fields with a history of greater-than-expected injury to Cry3Bb1 corn (focal fields) and surrounding fields (< 2.2 km from focal fields) were examined to quantify rootworm abundance, root injury, and resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn. Additionally, use of Bt corn and soil insecticide use for the previous six years were quantified for each field. Resistance to Cry3Bb1 was present in all fields assayed, even though focal fields had grown more Cry3 corn and less non-Bt corn than surrounding fields. This finding implies that some movement of resistance alleles had occurred between focal fields and surrounding fields. Overall, our data suggest that resistance to Cry3Bb1 in the landscape has been influenced by both local rootworm movement and fieldlevel management tactics.

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“…Since then, IPM practices have achieved dramatic success, both as a means of slowing or preventing evolution of resistance of pests to pesticides 33 and in decreasing pesticide use while maintaining high crop yields. 34 Successful IPM measures include managing the landscape to boost populations of natural predators 35 and deployment of pest traps, field sanitation, and biopesticides.…”

Section: Pesticide Industry and Governmental Response To Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance is not the end: lessons from pest management

Whelan

Cunningham

2020

Cancer Control

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The “war on cancer” began over 40 years ago with the signing of the National Cancer Act of 1971. Currently, complete eradication has proven possible in early stage premetastatic disease with increasingly successful early detection and surgery protocols; however, late stage metastatic disease remains invariably fatal. One of the main causes of treatment failure in metastatic disease is the ability of cancer cells to evolve resistance to currently available therapies. Evolution of resistance to control measures is a universal problem. While it may seem that the mechanisms of resistance employed by cancer cells are impossible to control, we show that many of the resistance mechanisms are mirrored in agricultural pests. In this way, we argue that measures developed in the agricultural industry to slow or prevent pesticide resistance could be adopted in clinical cancer biology to do the same. The agriculture industry recognized the problem of pesticide resistance and responded by developing and enforcing guidelines on resistance management and prevention. These guidelines, known as integrated pest management (IPM), do not encourage eradication of pests but instead strive to maintain pests, even with the presence of resistant strains, at a level that does not cause economic damage to the crops. Integrated pest management inspired management of metastatic cancer could result in the slowing or curtailing of widespread resistance to treatment, reducing overall drug usage, and increasing the survival and quality of life of patients with cancer. Using IPM principles as a foundation and shifting the goal of treatment of metastatic disease to long-term management will require close monitoring of evolving tumor populations, judicious application of currently available therapies, and development of new criteria of success.

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Understanding successful resistance management

Cited by 77 publications

References 82 publications

Can Pyramids and Seed Mixtures Delay Resistance to Bt Crops?

Can Pyramids and Seed Mixtures Delay Resistance to Bt Crops?

Western corn rootworm abundance, injury to corn, and resistance to Cry3Bb1 in the local landscape of previous problem fields

Resistance is not the end: lessons from pest management

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