Understanding Spray Coating Process: Visual Observation of Impingement of Multiple Droplets on a Substrate

Experimental investigation on chromium-diamond like carbon (Cr-DLC) coating through plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) on the nozzle needle surface

“…There, a higher substrate temperature provides a more uniform and defect-free coating forms [13]. The thickness of the coating was over 35 µm which led to delamination defects, over the coating surface, and the results showed that the deposition rate may drive the quality of deposition [14].…”

Indium Tin Oxide–Based Fully Spray‐Coated Inverted Solar Cells with Nontoxic Solvents: The Role of Buffer Layer Interface on Low‐Bandgap Photoactive Layer Performance

“…Materials: The ETL was prepared with commercial ZnO NPs (Genes' ink SZ11034) and a thin layer of PEIE (polyethylenimine, 80% ethoxylated, MW 70 000 g mol À1 , Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in ethanol at a concentration of from a concentration of 35-40 wt% of PEIE in water as received from Sigma-Aldrich. [22] The PTB7 (Solarmer) and PC70BM (Solenne BV) were dissolved in ortho-xylene (isomeric blend mixture is technical grade, Sigma-Aldrich), and 3% v/v of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the solution, which was then put on stirring overnight at room temperature. CPP 105D PEDOT:PSS was purchased from Haereus modified with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich) and added at ratio of 1:3 to PH1000 PEDOT:PSS purchased from Haereus further diluted in 2-propanol (Sigma-Aldrich).…”

“…In particular, the temperature of the substrate allows for the control of the evaporation rate of solvents, and the flow rate is involved in the formation of droplets onto the substrate. The optimization of the spray flow rate and the number of spray passes, use of a high surface energy or wettable substrate, and use of solutions to produce low–contact angle droplets that easily spread on the substrate will yield a more uniform and defectless coating . A key feature of this work is the replacement of harmful solvents and the optimization of spray deposition process using green solvents.…”

“…The optimization of the spray flow rate and the number of spray passes, use of a high surface energy or wettable substrate, and use of solutions to produce low-contact angle droplets that easily spread on the substrate will yield a more uniform and defectless coating. [22,23] A key feature of this work is the replacement of harmful solvents and the optimization of spray deposition process using green solvents. In particular, chlorinated solvents such as chlorobenzene (CB), o-dichlorobenzene (DCB), and chloroform used in the preparation of the active layer are not sustainable from the environmental point of view (toxic to the environment and humans) and, therefore, are not suitable for the scalability of the processes on a large area.…”

Impacting of Droplets on Moving Surface and Inclined Surfaces

“…Droplet impacting on a surface can be widely seen in different industrial applications such as inkjet printing (Jang et al, 2009;Minemawari et al, 2011), spray coating (Huang et al, 2018;McPherson, 1981), and in agriculture (Massinon et al, 2017;Wirth et al, 1991). In these applications most of the time either the surface is moving, or inclined, or in a combination of both.…”