Understanding social enterprise country models: Spain

Abstract

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to describe the historical institucional context of Spain in the past40 years and toanalyze the infiuenceof institutional factors in the current model of social enterprise existing in the country. Design/methodology/approach -This study draws on the theory of historical institutionalism, national-level empirical data and Kerlin conceptual framework (2013) that informs modeis of social enterprise. Findings-This paper describe sorne traits of Spain's social enterprise that can be explained by the evolution of its institucional context in the past 40 years. It helps to validate, from a historical institutionalistic perspective, aspectsof theKerlin frameworkfor social enterprise models.It also begins to show that the analysis of regional differences in the conte.xt should be taken into consideration when examining a country's social enterprise space. Research limitations/implicatious -This discussion paper encourages academics to analyze regional differences in the emergence of social enterprise within a country. The main limitation of the paper is the lack of an "official" definition of social enterprise in Spain. Origiuality/value -This paper appliesa valuable framework toa country witha unique political and economic history in the past 40 years. It contributes to enrich the research on the emergence and development of social enterprises in a variety of contexts and advances understanding of how regional differences inside a country influence the development of social enterprises.

Irish rural social enterprises and the national policy framework

“…There is a lack of an internationally agreed common definition for SEs (Bacq & Janssen, 2011;Defourny & Nyssens, 2010). A number of studies have analysed the characteristics of SEs within different national contexts (see, for example, Spear et al (2009) for the UK; Lehner (2011) for Austria; Fisac & Moreno-Romero (2015) for Spain; Barraket et al (2017) for Australia; Backer (2019) for the Netherlands; Bidet et al (2019) for South Korea; or Ciepielewska-Kowalik et al (2021) for Poland).…”

“…Within these studies, the Macro-Institutional Social Enterprise (MISE) framework (Kerlin, 2013(Kerlin, , 2017 has been commonly applied (e.g. Douglas et al, 2018;Fisac & Moreno-Romero, 2015;Gática, 2015). The MISE framework proposes the utilisation of national-level (macro) statistical indicators from formal and informal institutions, such as government, economy, civil society and culture, to determine the influence of the national context on the types of SEs present in a given country (Coskun et al, 2019).…”

The evolution of social entrepreneurship research: a bibliometric analysis

“…The process dimension focuses on the evolution of social entrepreneurship and concentrates the largest number of articles (Figure 9), representing 38 per cent of all articles analyzed. This dimension represents institutions from 15 countries: six developed countries with focus mostly on the historical evolution and institutional factors that influenced this process in countries such as Spain, Sweden, Northern Ireland, Australia and England (Barraket et al, 2017;Fisac and Moreno-Romero, 2015;Gawell, 2013;Murtagh, 2017;Steiner and Teasdale, 2016), and nine emerging countries that concentrate mainly on the institutional context, organizational features and legislative framework of Social Enterprises in Asia (China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) and in how rural cooperatives evolved to multiple stakeholders, multi-purpose operations, with orientation to the whole community in Africa (Kenya, Senegal and South Africa), where it can be observed that at the time of these studies they were on a still growing process and in need for further institutional evolution (Chan et al, 2011;Yu, 2011;Zhao and Develtere, 2010;Zhao and Gijselinckx, 2011). In Africa, it has been also observed, in more recent articles, a large influence and impact of informal markets.…”

Institutional influences on social enterprise types in the Republic of Ireland

“…Geographically specific social enterprise (SE) research includes national studies (e.g. Fisac & Moreno-Romero, 2015), comparisons between countries (e.g. Truong et al, 2019), comparisons between continents (Kerlin, 2006), global studies (Defourny et al, 2020;Kerlin, 2010), and continental studies, for example Europe (Borzaga & Defourny, 2001) and South America (Inácio Gaiger et al, 2019).…”