Understanding scion-rootstock interactions at the graft interface of grapevine

Cookson, Sarah Jane; Prodhomme, Duyên; Chambaud, Clément; Hévin, Cyril; Valls, Josep; Hilbert, Ghislaine; Trossat-Magnin, Claudine; Richard, Tristan; Bortolami, Giovanni; Gambetta, Grégory A.; Brocard, Lysiane; Ollat, Nathalie

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2019.1248.53

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These innovative “omic” approaches should also target diverse avocado “criollo” “plus trees,” their OP half-sib progenies used as rootstocks for the Hass scion, and different tissues of the grafted tree, for instance through single-cell sequencing ( Tang et al, 2019 ). Combined genetic mapping efforts will in turn inform on the upstream regulatory gene networks that contribute shaping the rootstock—scion compatibility ( Loupit and Cookson, 2020 ) and interaction ( Albacete et al, 2015 ; Warschefsky et al, 2016 ; Migicovsky and Myles, 2017 ), as well as on the corresponding downstream mechanistic physiological processes [e.g., transport of water and nutrients from the rootstocks, and large-scale movement of hormones, proteins, mRNAs, and sRNAs between the rootstock and the scion ( Wang et al, 2017 ; Cookson et al, 2019 )].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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Grafting induces precocity and maintains clonal integrity in fruit tree crops. However, the complex rootstock × scion interaction often precludes understanding how the tree phenotype is shaped, limiting the potential to select optimum rootstocks. Therefore, it is necessary to assess (1) how seedling progenies inherit trait variation from elite ‘plus trees’, and (2) whether such family superiority may be transferred after grafting to the clonal scion. To bridge this gap, we quantified additive genetic parameters (i.e., narrow sense heritability—h2, and genetic-estimated breeding values—GEBVs) across landraces, “criollo”, “plus trees” of the super-food fruit tree crop avocado (Persea americanaMill.), and their open-pollinated (OP) half-sib seedling families. Specifically, we used a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP) model to merge phenotypic characterization of 17 morpho-agronomic traits with genetic screening of 13 highly polymorphic SSR markers in a diverse panel of 104 avocado “criollo” “plus trees.” Estimated additive genetic parameters were validated at a 5-year-old common garden trial (i.e., provenance test), in which 22 OP half-sib seedlings from 82 elite “plus trees” served as rootstocks for the cv. Hass clone. Heritability (h2) scores in the “criollo” “plus trees” ranged from 0.28 to 0.51. The highesth2values were observed for ribbed petiole and adaxial veins with 0.47 (CI 95%0.2–0.8) and 0.51 (CI 0.2–0.8), respectively. Theh2scores for the agronomic traits ranged from 0.34 (CI 0.2–0.6) to 0.39 (CI 0.2–0.6) for seed weight, fruit weight, and total volume, respectively. When inspecting yield variation across 5-year-old grafted avocado cv. Hass trees with elite OP half-sib seedling rootstocks, the traits total number of fruits and fruits’ weight, respectively, exhibitedh2scores of 0.36 (± 0.23) and 0.11 (± 0.09). Our results indicate that elite “criollo” “plus trees” may serve as promissory donors of seedling rootstocks for avocado cv. Hass orchards due to the inheritance of their outstanding trait values. This reinforces the feasibility to leverage natural variation from “plus trees”viaOP half-sib seedling rootstock families. By jointly estimating half-sib family effects and rootstock-mediated heritability, this study promises boosting seedling rootstock breeding programs, while better discerning the consequences of grafting in fruit tree crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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“…Besides quantifying rootstock and scion effects using quantitative genetic approaches, a more mechanistic understanding of the consequences of grafting is desirable by applying tools from the “omics” era ( Barazani et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Guillaumie et al, 2020 ). Genotyping-by-sequencing ( Elshire et al, 2011 ; Cortés and Blair, 2018 ), re-sequencing ( Fuentes-Pardo and Ruzzante, 2017 ), RNAseq ( Jensen et al, 2012 ; Sun, 2012 ; Reeksting et al, 2016 ) and single-cell sequencing ( Tang et al, 2019 ) across different tissues of the grafted tree, including the graft interface ( Cookson et al, 2019 ), will enable understanding the genetic architecture of rootstock-mediated traits and the rootstock–scion interaction. Ultimately, these approaches may help discern among additive and combined processes how plant tissues and physiological ( Loupit and Cookson, 2020 ; Rasool et al, 2020 ) processes (such as water and nutrients uptake and transport, hormone production and transport, and large-scale movement of molecules) behave during grafting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

et al. 2020

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Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. However, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding. Therefore, our goal was to quantify the inheritance of seedling rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as a model fruit tree. We characterized 240 diverse rootstocks from 8 avocado cv. Hass orchards with similar management in three regions of the province of Antioquia, northwest Andes of Colombia, using 13 microsatellite markers simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Parallel to this, we recorded 20 phenotypic traits (including morphological, biomass/reproductive, and fruit yield and quality traits) in the scions for 3 years (2015–2017). Relatedness among rootstocks was inferred through the genetic markers and inputted in a “genetic prediction” model to calculate narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) on scion traits. We used three different randomization tests to highlight traits with consistently significant heritability estimates. This strategy allowed us to capture five traits with significant heritability values that ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 and model fits (r) that oscillated between 0.58 and 0.73 across orchards. The results showed significance in the rootstock effects for four complex harvest and quality traits (i.e., total number of fruits, number of fruits with exportation quality, and number of fruits discarded because of low weight or thrips damage), whereas the only morphological trait that had a significant heritability value was overall trunk height (an emergent property of the rootstock–scion interaction). These findings suggest the inheritance of rootstock effects, beyond root phenotype, on a surprisingly wide spectrum of scion traits in “Hass” avocado. They also reinforce the utility of polymorphic SSRs for relatedness reconstruction and genetic prediction of complex traits. This research is, up to date, the most cohesive evidence of narrow-sense inheritance of rootstock effects in a tropical fruit tree crop. Ultimately, our work highlights the importance of considering the rootstock–scion interaction to broaden the genetic basis of fruit tree breeding programs while enhancing our understanding of the consequences of grafting.

show abstract

“…Besides quantifying rootstock and scion effects using quantitative genetic approaches, a more mechanistic understanding of the consequences of grafting is desirable by applying tools from the 'omics' era (Barazani et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2017;Guillaumie et al, 2020). Genotyping-by-sequencing (Elshire et al, 2011) or re-sequencing (Fuentes-Pardo and Ruzzante, 2017) of each genotype, and RNAseq (Jensen et al, 2012;Sun, 2012;Reeksting et al, 2016) coupled with single-cell sequencing (Tang et al, 2019) across different tissues of the grafted tree, including the graft interface (Cookson et al, 2019), will enable understanding the genetic architecture of rootstock-mediated traits and the rootstock-scion interaction. Ultimately, these approaches may help discerning among additive and combined processes on how plant tissues and physiological processes (such as water and nutrients uptake and transport, hormone production and transport, and large-scale movement of molecules) behave during grafting.…”

Section: N R E V I E W Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) cv. Hass

Reyes-Herrera

Muñoz-Baena

Velásquez-Zapata

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. Yet, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (i.e. rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding. Therefore, our goal was to quantify the inheritance of seedling rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as model fruit tree. We characterized 240 rootstocks from 8 avocado cv. Hass orchards in three regions of the province of Antioquia, in the northwest Andes of Colombia, using 13 microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats – SSRs). Parallel to this, we recorded 20 phenotypic traits (including morphological, eco-physiological, and fruit yield and quality traits) in the scions for three years (2015–2017). Relatedness among rootstocks was inferred through the genetic markers and inputted in a ‘genetic prediction’ model in order to calculate narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) on scion traits. We used three different randomization tests to highlight traits with consistently significant heritability estimates. This strategy allowed us to capture five traits with significant heritability values that ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 and model fits (R2) that oscillated between 0.58 and 0.74 across orchards. The results showed significance in the rootstock effects for four complex harvest and quality traits (i.e. total number of fruits, number of fruits with exportation quality, and number of fruits discarded because of low weight or thrips damage), while the only morphological trait that had a significant heritability value was overall trunk height (an emergent property of the rootstock-scion interaction). These findings suggest the inheritance of rootstock effects, beyond root phenotype, on a surprisingly wide spectrum of scion traits in ‘Hass’ avocado. They also reinforce the utility of SSR markers for relatedness reconstruction and genetic prediction of complex traits. This research is, up to date, the most cohesive evidence of narrow-sense inheritance of rootstock effects in a tropical fruit tree crop. Ultimately, our work reinforces the importance of considering the rootstock-scion interaction to broaden the genetic basis of fruit tree breeding programs, while enhancing our understanding of the consequences of grafting.

show abstract

Understanding scion-rootstock interactions at the graft interface of grapevine

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) cv. Hass

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