States. Its main topic revolves around the impact of social norms on aspects of occupational health and safety culture, utilising case studies from various industries to examine societal and safety culture. First published in 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., the book spans 672 pages, divided into 10 chapters. Approximately 70% of the content comprises summaries of case studies involving workplace accidents or process failures related to safety culture. Meanwhile, Ostrom provides an introduction at the beginning of the book, explaining the history and fundamental concepts of safety culture, as well as methods for assessing safety culture towards the end. Of particular interest, Ostrom consistently includes specialised sections summarising investigation findings within safety culture summaries. This approach enables readers to draw connections between case studies and their relevance to safety culture implementation. Ostrom acknowledges his passion for safety in the workplace and his desire for everyone to work safely and return home unharmed.Consequently, the content of this book is tailored to case studies of incidents that remain highly relevant today and have the potential to occur in the future if proper preventive measures are not taken. The book also explains that the social norms approach and social psychology can be beneficial in understanding the process of safety culture formation and its relationship with safe work behaviour (Haslam, Cruwys, Haslam, Dingle, & Chang, 2016).In the history of implementing Safety Culture, it all stems from changes in life expectancy over centuries. Some 30,000 years ago, humans had a life expectancy of around 30 years, whereas by the early 1990s, life expectancy had risen to over 75 years. This has influenced how humans consume food and utilise tools in their daily lives, including in the workplace. Ostrom even discusses how toys from previous eras contained hazardous metals in relatively high concentrations, a fact that often went unnoticed, such as the 1961 Dala Horse, 1968/1969 Toy Car, and the GI Joe toys that were popular in the early 1960s. Furthermore, Ostrom states the fact that 8.8% of the world's population and 22% of children suffer from malnutrition, highlighting changes in societal food consumption trends, such as the awareness that Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) foods significantly affect human metabolism, growth rate, and potential health risks. While these may not directly impact awareness of safety culture implementation, as part of societal culture, they play a crucial role in shaping the safety culture concepts we know today.Ostrom concurs with Pidgeon's (1991) assertion that defining a 'good' safety culture is highly challenging due to the unique and varied nature of each company's culture. This can be influenced by the company's location, the