Understanding reactions and pore-forming mechanisms between waste cotton woven and FeCl3 during the synthesis of magnetic activated carbon

Xu, Zhaoyi; Zhou, Yuwei; Sun, Zhenrong; Zhang, Daofang; Huang, Yuanxing; Gu, Siyi; Chen, Weifang

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125120

Cited by 90 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Xu et al [44,45] recently analyzed the mechanism of pore formation in the activation of waste cotton with iron chloride. They concluded that the activation process consists of several subsequent stages, as schematized in Figure 2.…”

Section: Activation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2. Activation of cotton waste with FeCl 3 (reprinted from [45] with the permission of Elsevier, 2020).…”

Section: Activation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several works have analyzed the effect of some of these variables in porous texture development. Xu et al [45] prepared activated carbons from waste cotton woven at different impregnation ratios, activation temperatures, and activation times. It was concluded that activation time has less of an influence on porosity than impregnation ratio and activation temperature.…”

Section: Porous Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

et al. 2020

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This study reviews the most relevant results on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of activated carbons obtained by novel chemical activation with FeCl3. The text includes a description of the activation mechanism, which compromises three different stages: (1) intense de-polymerization of the carbon precursor (up to 300 °C), (2) devolatilization and formation of the inner porosity (between 300 and 700 °C), and (3) dehydrogenation of the fixed carbon structure (>700 °C). Among the different synthesis conditions, the activation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, the impregnation ratio (i.e., mass ratio of FeCl3 to carbon precursor), are the most relevant parameters controlling the final properties of the resulting activated carbons. The characteristics of the carbons in terms of porosity, surface chemistry, and magnetic properties are analyzed in detail. These carbons showed a well-developed porous texture mainly in the micropore size range, an acidic surface with an abundance of oxygen surface groups, and a superparamagnetic character due to the presence of well-distributed iron species. These properties convert these carbons into promising candidates for different applications. They are widely analyzed as adsorbents in aqueous phase applications due to their porosity, surface acidity, and ease of separation. The presence of stable and well-distributed iron species on the carbons’ surface makes them promising catalysts for different applications. Finally, the presence of iron compounds has been shown to improve the graphitization degree and conductivity of the carbons; these are consequently being analyzed in energy storage applications.

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Section: Activation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2. Activation of cotton waste with FeCl 3 (reprinted from [45] with the permission of Elsevier, 2020).…”

Section: Activation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Porous Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

et al. 2020

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“…It was assumed that Fe(III) species played an important role in the inhibition of the generation of the volatile organics. The organics gaseous products were mainly released from Fe-WCCB between 200 and 360°C, and FeCl 3 decomposed into amorphous Fe(III) species (e.g., FeOOH) within this temperature range [34,35].…”

Section: Analysis Of Gaseous Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sharp CO peak emerged at 840°C, and the yield of CO 2 also ramped up above 820°C. These phenomena can be explained by the reaction between Fe 3 O 4 and amorphous carbon [34,50]. Figure 9 shows the N 2 -adsorption isotherm of PCM Fe/400 within the relative pressure (P/P 0 ) range of 0 to 0.3, and N 2adsorption/desorption isotherms of PCM Fe/500 , PCM Fe/600 , PCM Fe/700 , PCM Fe/800 , and PCM 800 within the P/P 0 range of 0 to 1.…”

Section: Characterization Of Porous Carbon Monolithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation of magnetic porous carbon monolith from waste corrugated cardboard box for solar steam generation and adsorption

Cao

2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Porous carbon monoliths (PCMs) were prepared from waste corrugated cardboard box (WCCB) via slurrying in FeCl 3 solution followed by molding and thermal treatment. The thermal process was analyzed by a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The evolution of physicochemical characteristics of PCMs was studied. The photothermal conversion and solar steam generation performances of the optimal sample (PCM Fe/600 ) were evaluated. The adsorption properties of PCM Fe/600 for methylene blue (MB) were investigated. Results showed that Fe 3+ promoted the breaking of cellulose chains in WCCB, leading to the occurrence of pyrolysis of WCCB at lower temperatures and the reduction of activation energy by 76.63 kJ mol −1 . Char yield raised because volatile radicals were captured by FeCl 3 -derived amorphous Fe(III) species, then involved in char formation. Amorphous Fe(III) continuously converted into Fe 3 O 4 crystallites with carbonization temperature increasing from 400 to 700°C, then α-Fe was formed at 800°C via the carbothermal reduction of Fe 3 O 4 . FeCl 3 was favorable to the formation of a developed microporous structure. Surface area significantly increased with carbonization temperature increasing from 400 to 600°C due to the removal of volatiles. The etching of carbon by Fe 3 O 4 above 700°C also led to the increase of surface area. PCM Fe/600 exhibited higher optical absorption than other samples due to its high graphite degree and porosity. It also had excellent photothermal performance; thus, solar steam yield was 1.46 times that of the pure water with the assistance of PCM Fe/600 . PCM Fe/600 in floating state was effective in adsorption of MB from water. Besides, the adsorption behavior fitted Langmuir model with a monolayer adsorption capacity reached up to 70.9 mg g −1 .

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Synthesis of Collagen‐Derived Carbons

2022

Collagen‐Derived Materials

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Understanding reactions and pore-forming mechanisms between waste cotton woven and FeCl3 during the synthesis of magnetic activated carbon

Cited by 90 publications

References 84 publications

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Facile preparation of magnetic porous carbon monolith from waste corrugated cardboard box for solar steam generation and adsorption

Synthesis of Collagen‐Derived Carbons

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