Understanding racialised older adults’ experiences of the Canadian healthcare system, and codesigning solutions: protocol for a qualitative study in nine languages

Abstract

IntroductionRacialised immigrant older adults (RIOAs) in Canada have poorer self-rated health and are more likely to report chronic conditions, while they concurrently experience well-documented challenges in navigating and accessing the healthcare system. There is strong evidence that patient and caregiver engagement in their healthcare leads to improved management of chronic disease and better health outcomes. International research suggests that engagement has the potential to reduce health disparities and improve quality of care. We aim to (1) describe what role(s) RIOAs are/are not taking in their own healthcare, from the perspectives of participant groups (RIOAs, caregivers and healthcare providers (HCPs)); and (2) develop a codesign process with these participants, creating linguistically aligned and culturally aligned tools, resources or solutions to support patient engagement with RIOAs.Methods and analysisUsing a cross-cultural participatory action research approach, our work will consist of three phases: phase 1, strengthen existing partnerships with RIOAs and appropriate agencies and cultural associations; phase 2, on receipt of informed consent, in-depth interviews with RIOAs and caregivers (n=~45) and HCPs (n=~10), professionally interpreted as needed. Phase 3, work with participants, in multiple interpreted sessions, to codesign culturally sensitive and linguistically sensitive/aligned patient engagement tools. We will conduct this research in the Waterloo-Wellington region of Ontario, in Arabic, Bangla, Cantonese, Hindi, Mandarin, Punjabi, Tamil and Urdu, plus English. Data will be transcribed, cleaned and entered into NVivo V.12, the software that will support team-based analysis. Analysis will include coding, theming and interpreting the data, and, preparing narrative descriptions that summarise each language group and each participant group (older adults, caregivers and HCPs), and illustrate themes.Ethics and disseminationEthics clearance was obtained through the University of Waterloo Office of Research Ethics (ORE #43297). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations and translated summary reports for our partners and participants.

Chinese family care partners of older adults in Canada have grit: A qualitative study

“…Moreover, in Canada, more than 2 million are older immigrants, and by 2032, 25% of citizens and residents will identify as older racialized immigrants ([persons over 65 years old, non‐Caucasian, other than Indigenous] Tong et al., 2022); the majority, which is cared for by significant others, who, unlike their Caucasian counterparts, report greater amounts of distress, anger, and/or depression ([up 26% up in 2019/20 from 21% in the first half of 2012/13] Government of Canada, 2019). Further, due to barriers of multiple social structural factors, like oppression (Lin, 2022), immigrants are arguably the most vulnerable to stress and depression from high levels of caregiving burden (Sneed & Chan, 2023).…”