Understanding psychosis: treatment and rehabilitation (updates for clinicians)

Abstract

Psychosis is a group of psychotic disorders. Its manifestation depends on the specific type of functional violation. However, this is characterized by a gradual increase in clinical signs and a change in behavior. Symptoms of psychosis can be recognized by the following manifestations: hallucinations, delusional ideas, movement disorders, mood disorders including manic and depressive disorders and changes in emotional sphere. Psychosis occurs due to problems in the functioning of neurons. Due to the violation of bonds in the molecules, they do not receive nutrition and they are deficient in oxygen. This leads to the fact that neurons cannot transmit nerve impulses; multiple dysfunctions occur in the central nervous system. The type of psychosis depends on a part of the brain suffered from the hunger strike. The causes of this disorder are of 3 types: endogenous, associated with internal processes, exogenous or external and organic, when the causes of psychosis are changes in the brain such as tumors, trauma or hemorrhage. Psychosis is usually treated in a hospital setting. Such patients require urgent admission as they cannot control their actions, they can harm themselves and others. Psychosis is a relapse-prone disease. With timely and comprehensive treatment, the prognosis will be favorable. This review article is a good educational material for medical and psychological practitioners whose goal is to improve knowledge of treatment and rehabilitation processes of psychosis and its related disorders.

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Positive and Negative Symptoms and Emotion Regulation of Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Single-case Clinical Trial Study

“…The outcomes of medication use are often poor (17) and sometime maybe harmful for SSD patients (18), because clinically, they do not improve the patients' cognitive symptoms significantly, and approximately 50% of patients do not respond to medications (19). Many therapies have been practiced for psychosis, such as psychoanalytic-psychodynamic therapy, systematic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and its derivatives, combined approaches, and supportive psychotherapy (20) but the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a promising approach for filling this therapeutic gap for patients with psychiatric disorders (21).…”