Understanding protein secretion stress in Bacillus subtilis for biotechnological applications

Abstract

The biopharmaceuLcal market is growing faster than ever with two producLon systems compeLng for market dominance: mammalian cells and microorganisms. In recent years, based on the rise of anLbody-based therapies, new biotherapeuLc approvals have favored mammalian hosts. However, extensive research has elevated our understanding of microbes to new levels and emerging therapeuLc molecules facilitate their use, and so the quesLon has to be asked: is it Lme microbes fight back? This review aims to answer this Lmely quesLon by cross-comparing four microbial producLon hosts and examining the innovaLons made to both their secreLon and post-translaLonal modificaLon capabiliLes. Furthermore, the impact of tools such as omics and systems biology, as well as alternaLve producLon systems and emerging biotherapeuLcs are discussed.