Understanding Primate Herpesviruses

Eberle, R.; Jones‐Engel, Lisa

doi:10.16966/2473-1846.127

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…SIV, STLV, BV and potentially also SRV/D infection may compromise animal and/or human health. In particular, the transmission of BV from macaques to humans can cause encephalitis that may take a fatal course in 70 %-80 % of afflicted patients in the absence of treatment (Eberle and Jones-Engel, 2018). Therefore, the antibody status of animals is determined before purchase and use in experimentation (SIV, STLV, BV and SRV/D) and/or is continuously monitored (BV).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of viral infections in captive rhesus and cynomolgus macaques

2019

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Abstract. Macaques serve as important animal models for biomedical research. Viral infection of macaques can compromise animal health as well as the results of biomedical research, and infected animals constitute an occupational health risk. Therefore, monitoring macaque colonies for viral infection is an important task. We used a commercial chip-based assay to analyze sera of 231 macaques for the presence of antibody responses against nine animal and human viruses. We report high seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), lymphocryptovirus (LCV), rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV) antibodies in all age groups. In contrast, antibodies against simian retrovirus type D (SRV/D) and simian T cell leukemia virus (STLV) were detected only in 5 % and 10 % of animals, respectively, and were only found in adult or aged animals. Moreover, none of the animals had antibodies against herpes B virus (BV), in keeping with the results of in-house tests previously used for screening. Finally, an increased seroprevalence of measles virus antibodies in animals with extensive exposure to multiple humans for extended periods of time was observed. However, most of these animals were obtained from external sources, and a lack of information on the measles antibody status of the animals at the time of arrival precluded drawing reliable conclusions from the data. In sum, we show, that in the colony studied, CMV, LCV, RRV and SFV infection was ubiquitous and likely acquired early in life while SRV/D and STLV infection was rare and likely acquired during adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of viral infections in captive rhesus and cynomolgus macaques

2019

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“…Primate simplexviruses are often regarded as an epitome of virus-host coevolution and codivergence (Eberle and Jones-Engel, 2017;McGeoch et al, 2006). These viruses establish lifelong infections and usually cause little harm to their hosts, whereas periodic viral reactivation allows transmission in the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In non-human primates (NHP), simplexvirus infections show symptoms and seroprevalence generally comparable to those of HSV-1 and HSV-2, and these viruses are species-specific in natural settings (Eberle and Jones-Engel, 2017). This feature, together with the near commensal relationship with their hosts, is in line with long-standing virus-host coevolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indeed, the consequences arising from disruption of the delicate balance established during millions of years of coexistence are evident when cross-species transmissions occur. For instance, macacine herpesvirus 1 (McHV1, also known as B virus) is almost asymptomatic in macaques, but infection of humans or African monkeys results in a severe, often fatal form of encephalomyelitis (Eberle and Jones-Engel, 2017;Loomis et al, 1981;Tischer and Osterrieder, 2010;Wilson et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplexviruses successfully adapt to their host by fine-tuning immune responses

Mozzi

Cagliani

Pontremoli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Primate herpes simplex viruses are relatively harmless to their natural hosts, whereas cross-species transmission can result in severe disease. We performed a genome-wide scan for signals of adaptation of simplexviruses to hominins. We found evidence of positive selection in three glycoproteins, with selected sites located in antigenic determinants. Positively selected non-core proteins were involved in different immune-escape mechanisms. By expressing mutants of one of these proteins (ICP47), we show that the amino acid status at the positively selected sites is sufficient to induce HLA-G. HSV-1/HSV-2 ICP47 induced HLA-G when mutated to recapitulate residues in B virus, whereas the mutated version of B virus ICP47 failed to determine HLA-G expression. Thus, the evolution of ICP47 in HSV-1/HSV-2 determined the loss of an immunosuppressive effect, suggesting that simplexviruses tune immune responses to promote successful co-existence with their hosts. These results also help explain the high pathogenicity of B virus in humans.

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“…Bites from wild and captive macaques are known to transmit both rabies and herpes B viruses to humans [90,91]. Rapid treatment with rabies vaccine and anti-herpes drug such as acyclovir are therefore recommended [92,93,94].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Diversity and Novel Enteric Viruses in Fecal Viromes of Healthy Wild and Captive Thai Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Sawaswong

Fahsbender

Altan

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Cynomolgus macaques are common across South East Asian countries including Thailand. The National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University (NPRCT-CU) captures wild-borne cynomolgus macaque for research use. Limited information is available on the enteric viruses and possible zoonotic infections into or from cynomolgus macaques. We characterized and compare the fecal virome of two populations; healthy wild-originated captive cynomolgus macaques (n = 43) reared in NPRCT-CU and healthy wild cynomolgus macaques (n = 35). Over 90% of recognized viral sequence reads amplified from feces were from bacterial viruses. Viruses from seven families of mammalian viruses were also detected (Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Caliciviridae). The genomes of a member of a new picornavirus genus we named Mafapivirus, a primate chapparvovirus, and a circular Rep-encoding single-strand (CRESS) DNA virus were also characterized. Higher abundance of CRESS DNA viruses of unknown tropism and invertebrate-tropic ambidensovirus were detected in wild versus captive macaques likely reflecting dietary differences. Short term rearing in captivity did not have a pronounced effect on the diversity of mammalian viruses of wild cynomolgus macaques. This study is the first report of the fecal virome of cynomolgus macaques, non-human primates frequently used in biomedical research and vaccination studies.

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Understanding Primate Herpesviruses

Cited by 18 publications

References 153 publications

Seroprevalence of viral infections in captive rhesus and cynomolgus macaques

Seroprevalence of viral infections in captive rhesus and cynomolgus macaques

Simplexviruses successfully adapt to their host by fine-tuning immune responses

High Diversity and Novel Enteric Viruses in Fecal Viromes of Healthy Wild and Captive Thai Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

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