Understanding Palladium Acetate from a User Perspective

Abstract

The behavior of palladium acetate is reviewed with respect to its synthesis, characterization, structure (in both solution and solid state), and activation pathways. In addition, comparisons of catalytic activities between pure palladium acetate and two common byproducts, Pd3 (OAc)5 (NO2 ) and polymeric [Pd(OAc)2 ]n , typically present in commercially available material are reviewed. Hence, this minireview serves as a concise guide for the users of palladium acetate from both academia and industry.

Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Catalytic Evaluation of Anionic Phosphinoferrocene Amidosulfonate Ligands

“…of the phosphine ligand, which reached full conversion of 6 to 7 within 3 h. An analogous catalyst prepared at a 1:1 [PdCl 2 (cod)]:4d molar ratio ensued in only 30% conversion. Similar catalysts resulting from 4d and palladium(II) acetate, which is commonly used as a Pd-precursor in cross-coupling reactions [25] and even afforded very good yields of the coupling products in similar cyanation reactions [7,26], performed considerably worse (conversions <5%). Poor results were also obtained when [Pd(µ-Cl)(η-C 3 H 5 )] 2 was employed as the Pd source, whereas the reaction performed in the presence of [PdCl 2 (cod)] (2 mol.…”

Enantioselective Allylic C−H Oxidation of Terminal Olefins to Isochromans by Palladium(II)/Chiral Sulfoxide Catalysis

“…We identified ArSOX ligand L1 (Table 1, entry 1) as effective for asymmetric Pd(II)-catalyzed [14] formation of isochroman 2a , though in low yield. Based on our recent studies showing that Brønsted acids enhance the reactivity of Pd(II)-sulfoxide catalyzed allylic C–H oxidations, [7g] we surveyed Brønsted acid additives (Table 1, entries 2–5) for the reaction.…”

Stability and Unimolecular Reactivity of Palladate(II) Complexes [LnPdR3]− (L=Phosphine, R=Organyl, n=0 and 1)

“…[3,4] Under typical catalytic conditions, the concentration of the stoichiometric organometallic reagent will exceed that of the phosphine, which is only applied in catalytic amounts, much more than in the present experiments. This activation mechanism differs from the commonly assumed reduction by ap hosphine.…”

“…[1,2] The vast majority of these reactions involve Pd 0 species as the catalytically active intermediates, which react with aryl halides( or other electrophiles) in the first step of the catalytic cycle (Scheme1). The active catalysti st hen generated by the in situ reduction of aP d II compound, most often Pd(OAc) 2 , [3] in the presence of the ligand (Scheme 1). However,i nm any cases, such complexes are not available.…”