Understanding overall output efficiency in public transit systems: The roles of input regulations, perceived budget and input subsidies

Obeng, Kofi; Sakano, Ryoichi; Naanwaab, Cephas B.

doi:10.1016/j.tre.2016.03.001

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the discussion above, it was suggested that there might be a trade-off between capex (BRT standard) and revenue generating opex (Fleet). Whilst the analysis does not find that cost effectiveness is impacted by the BRT standard, the positive impact of BRT standard on input effectiveness suggests that the results for the BRT context are in line with already published literature around the performance measurement of conventional/ regular public bus transport (Obeng et al, 2016). Moreover, the results show similarity with heavy rail and metro systems (Tsai et al, 2015) with BRT systems generally benefiting from economies of scale, however also suffering from diseconomies of scale when cost effectiveness is considered (starting at BRT systems having an excess of 300 buses in their fleet).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Tsai et al, 2015 in the metropolitan train operation context). In a very recent paper, Obeng et al (2016) separated stochastic and systematic technical inefficiencies and analysed determinants for the latter, most notably subsidies and regulation. Their results suggest that capital expenditure subsidies for single mode bus PT systems have a very significant positive impact on PT efficiency.…”

Section: Merkert Mulley and Hakimmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determinants of bus rapid transit (BRT) system revenue and effectiveness – A global benchmarking exercise

Merkert

Mulley

Hakim

2017

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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Bus rapid transit systems (BRT) have evolved in all shapes and sizes around the world in the last 30 years motivated by providing greater efficiency and value for money than potential alternatives. This paper aims to explore and compare the effectiveness (including its determinants) and revenue potential of 58 BRT systems globally. A key research question for this paper is to what extent there is a trade-off between long term capital expenditure and short term operating cost. The results suggest that BRT systems located in developing countries or countries that have high population densities are successful in generating higher revenues per passenger and unit of input than their conventional bus counterparts but are from a community perspective not more cost effective in doing so. Better BRT standards and hence higher capital expenditure, while significantly increasing patronage and input effectiveness do not have a significant impact on either yields or cost effectiveness. In contrast, public ownership and the number of stations are on average associated with higher cost effectiveness scores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Merkert Mulley and Hakimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of bus rapid transit (BRT) system revenue and effectiveness – A global benchmarking exercise

Merkert

Mulley

Hakim

2017

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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show abstract

“…The government must deeply understand the diversity of individual travel demand and factors behind their choice, otherwise the transport policies will be ineffective (3,4,5). However, unilateral optimization of transit system was not effective enough to significantly increase its transport efficiency (6). Note that, the efficient approach to optimize transit system is to balance the relationship between travel behavior and the built environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Built Environment Impacts Online Car-Hailing Ridership

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Transportation Research Record

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Extensive research has shown that unilateral optimization of transit systems is not effective enough to significantly increase its transport efficiency. Considering that urban land-use characteristics, including residential, work, consumption, transit, and so forth, are significantly interrelated with travel demands and travel behaviors, this paper provides a way to optimize transit system by raising awareness of the relation between ridership and built environment. This paper adopted point of interest (POI) data to investigate the effect of physical built environment on online car-hailing ridership in Chengdu, China. The study area was tessellated with several Voronoi cells; these cells were further clustered into three ridership patterns based on the time-varying characteristic of ridership. Given that some differences existed in the three ridership patterns, a separate spatial ridership model was developed to understand the factors that influence ridership patterns using geographic weighted regression (GWR) analysis. The data and results verified that the built environment had various influences on online car-hailing alighting ridership in spatial and temporal dimensions, of which the significant POI factors for determining the ridership pattern during different periods were detected. Remarkably, this study took the ridership dataset from the online car-hailing transit system, mainly because the pick-up (PU) and drop-off (DO) locations generated by this service are closest to the origin and destination of the trip, except that it is more popular recently. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of built environment on travel based on the online car-hailing dataset can be captured in greater detail, with a higher degree of accuracy.

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“…Stephen Schmidt [5] indicated that, from the perspective of the population and bus operating mileage subsidy model, increased spending on subsidy may lead to low efficiency; accordingly, certain suggestions for improvement were presented. Obeng et al [6] analyzed the comprehensive effects of subsidies, regulations, and perceived budgets and subsequently established a scientific calculation model. Boitani and Cambini [7] proposed an improved non-Bayesian model based on economics, focusing on the means of reducing operating cost and improving the bus service quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Subsidy Calculation Model of Urban Public Transport

Shao¹,

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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In recent years, to alleviate and resolve the traffic problems in China, the government introduced a series of policies to subsidize public transportation. Accordingly, to effectively implement these financial subsidies, the formulation of a scientific model of urban public transport subsidy calculation, strict control of the total amount of financial subsidies, and clear identification of subsidy targets are necessary. In this study, a linear dual model is developed based on the principle of resource allocation and the economic meaning of shadow prices. The public transportation system of a city in China is considered an example, and both public transport operators and public interest stakeholders are considered. The subsidy calculation for service quality improvement is established for public transportation operations and vehicle transformation. Based on the validation using the above example, the calculation result is found to approximate the actual value, indicating the feasibility of the proposed model. Finally, this article presents suggestions pertaining to subsidy mechanism, operating environment, and service quality as a reference for urban public transport subsidies.

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Understanding overall output efficiency in public transit systems: The roles of input regulations, perceived budget and input subsidies

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Determinants of bus rapid transit (BRT) system revenue and effectiveness – A global benchmarking exercise

Determinants of bus rapid transit (BRT) system revenue and effectiveness – A global benchmarking exercise

How Built Environment Impacts Online Car-Hailing Ridership

Optimizing the Subsidy Calculation Model of Urban Public Transport

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