Understanding of the retinal circulation provided by an anomalous retinal vein.

Williamson, Tom H.; Barr, Dai; Baxter, Grant M.

doi:10.1136/bjo.78.10.798

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Such modulation can occur from two of the following already hypothesized mechanisms. First, a transfer through a common adventitia [56][57][58] : As the central artery and central vein share a common rigid adventitial sheath inside the optic nerve, and as the arterial pressure rules over the venous pressure, the pulsating inflation of the artery will reduce the section available to the vein; this will lead to a pulsating outflow resistance, in turn affecting the upstream venous pressure. Second, a transfer through arteriovenous crossings 59 : where veins and arteries cross each other's nearby or inside the disk, leading to a pressure transfer.…”

Section: Type 2: Matched Arteriovenous Waveforms (Subject S9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Fundus-Image Sequences Reveals Phase of Spontaneous Venous Pulsations

Moret

Reiff

Lagrèze

et al. 2015

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose: Spontaneous venous pulsation correlates negatively with elevated intracranial pressure and papilledema, and it relates to glaucoma. Yet, its etiology remains unclear. A key element to elucidate its underlying mechanism is the time at which collapse occurs with respect to the heart cycle, but previous reports are contradictory. We assessed this question in healthy subjects using quantitative measurements of both vein diameters and artery lateral displacements; the latter being used as the marker of the ocular systole time.Methods: We recorded 5-second fundus sequences with a near-infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscope in 12 young healthy subjects. The image sequences were coregistered, cleaned from microsaccades, and filtered via a principal component analysis to remove nonpulsatile dynamic features. Time courses of arterial lateral displacement and of diameter at sites of spontaneous venous pulsation or proximal to the disk were retrieved from those image sequences and compared.Results: Four subjects displayed both arterial and venous pulsatile waveforms. On those, we observed venous diameter waveforms differing markedly among the subjects, ranging from a waveform matching the typical intraocular pressure waveform to a close replica of the arterial waveform. Conclusions:The heterogeneity in waveforms and arteriovenous phases suggests that the mechanism governing the venous outflow resistance differs among healthy subjects.Translational relevance: Further characterizations are necessary to understand the heterogeneous mechanisms governing the venous outflow resistance as this resistance is altered in glaucoma and is instrumental when monitoring intracranial hypertension based on fundus observations.

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Section: Type 2: Matched Arteriovenous Waveforms (Subject S9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Fundus-Image Sequences Reveals Phase of Spontaneous Venous Pulsations

Moret

Reiff

Lagrèze

et al. 2015

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…A recently reported superior hemiretinal retinal vein that appeared ophthalmoscopically to enter the choroid adjacent to the disc6 has some similarities to the retinopial vein. Retro-ocular Doppler images attributable to the vein were detected in the perineural area at the level of the lamina cribrosa, continuing down the side of the optic nerve, presumably in the pia mater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The retinopial vein: a vein passing directly from the retina to the pia mater at the optic nerve head

Ruskell

1998

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background/aims-All blood drainage from the retina is thought to occur through the central retinal vein with rare, if any, exceptions. A chance observation of a specimen in which this pattern did not apply suggested that the subject required review. Methods-An optic nerve head, identified from an earlier study as possessing an unconventional venous drainage arrangement, was examined histologically using interrupted serial resin sections. 200 fundus photographs were examined to compare with the results from the sectioned optic nerve head. Results-A retinopial vein passing from the temporal retina and entering the pia mater without first joining the central retinal vein was observed. Two of the fundus photographs and possibly four others displayed a venous pattern consistent with this arrangement. Conclusions-The retinopial vein complements the central retinal vein in blood drainage from the retina. Uncertainty in identifying the vein ophthalmoscopically prevents a reliable estimate of its incidence but it appears to be uncommon. Retinal dysfunction may be limited in cases of central retinal vein occlusion in the presence of a retinopial vein. (Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:495-497) Retinal veins converge on the optic nerve head forming the central retinal vein which is exclusively responsible for conducting blood from the retina. This statement expresses current understanding of retinal venous vasculature apart from rare instances of a cilioretinal vein when presumably a fraction of blood drains to the choroid.1 In a recent histological survey of the optic nerve head a diVerent arrangement was observed in one of the specimens used.2 A substantial vein passed directly to the pia mater without first joining the central retinal vein. The vein, for which the name retinopial is appropriate, was thought worthy of a short report. Materials and methodsFollowing orbital exenteration in a case of ethmoidal carcinoma, the eye was cut open at the equator and immersed in 3% phosphate buVered glutaraldehyde. The patient was female aged 55 years, and there was no evidence of orbital venous congestion or ocular proptosis and no ocular pathology was recorded. A short length of the optic nerve was removed with a collar of sclera, choroid, and retina attached. The nerve was washed overnight, immersed in an unbuVered solution of 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 hour, washed briefly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, cleared in xylene, and embedded in Araldite.Longitudinally cut serial sections 1 µm thick were prepared using an ultramicrotome and every fifth section retained. Resin was removed from the sections with sodium methoxide and stained in 1% toluidine blue in an equal volume of sodium carbonate and examined with a light microscope.Two hundred fundus photographs obtained from clinical records were inspected to seek correlates of the histological appearance of the optic nerve head. They were the most recently obtained photographs of patients without eye pathology; otherwise they were unselected.

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Anatomy and Pathologic Anatomy of Retinal Vein Occlusions

Browning

2012

Retinal Vein Occlusions

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Understanding of the retinal circulation provided by an anomalous retinal vein.

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Quantitative Analysis of Fundus-Image Sequences Reveals Phase of Spontaneous Venous Pulsations

Quantitative Analysis of Fundus-Image Sequences Reveals Phase of Spontaneous Venous Pulsations

The retinopial vein: a vein passing directly from the retina to the pia mater at the optic nerve head

Anatomy and Pathologic Anatomy of Retinal Vein Occlusions

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