Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales)

Clare, Isabel C. H.; Gudjónsson, Gisli H.; Harari, Philippe M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1298(1998090)8:5<323::aid-casp448>3.3.co;2-u

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, methodological problems in the study by Shepherd et al (1995), including the involvement of participants who were stopped on the street and may not have been concentrating fully on the task, and an absence of clear criteria for scoring the responses, undermine their findings. However, similar results were obtained in a second study (Clare, Gudjonsson & Harari, 1998), using an established experimental methodology intended to maximize performance (Grisso, 1981;Gudjonsson, 1990Gudjonsson, , 1991Gudjonsson & Clare, 1994;Gudjonsson, Clare & Cross, 1992). When the caution was presented in its entirety, as it would be in real life, fewer than one in ten members of the general population and 'A' level students preparing for university provided correct explanations of all three sentences.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…It was understood by only 10% of the suspects and 4.2% of the persons from the general population when the caution was presented in its entirety; and by 16.7% of participants in each of the groups when presented sentence by sentence. Their performance was considerably poorer than that of any of the groups in Clare et al (1998), who, though they were not all formally tested, were assumed to be of at least average intellectual ability. These findings are consistent with other studies (Cooke & Philip, 1998;Fulero & Everington, 1995;Grisso, 1981;Gudjonsson, 1991;Gudjonsson et al, 1992;Gudjonsson & Clare, 1994;Whittemore & Ogloff, 1994) indicating the importance of intellectual ability in understanding the caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The audio-tapes of the participants' responses were transcribed. Using the criteria developed with a solicitor from the Metropolitan Police Service for a previous study (see Clare et al, 1998) and the guidance for investigative interviewing (National Crime Faculty, 1996, pp. 68-69), each sentence was scored as 'correct' (1 point) or 'incorrect' (0 points).…”

Section: Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nothing is known, however, about the extent to which the current caution is understood by its target population, criminal suspects. The studies by Shepherd et al (1995) and Clare et al (1998) suggest that a substantial proportion of individuals who are arrested and detained for interviewing are at risk of not understanding this aspect of their legal rights. Whilst adverse inferences are no longer permissible in situations in which the suspect has had no access to legal advice (see s. 58 of the Youth Justice & Criminal Evidence Act 1999; Home Office, 1999), miscarriages of justice may still occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales) among suspects in police detention

Fenner

Gudjónsson

Clare

2002

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The current police caution (England and Wales) provides information about the right to silence to suspects in police detention. Though earlier studies, involving other populations, suggest that the caution would be too complex for detainees to understand fully, the issue has not previously been investigated directly among police detainees. Comprehension of the caution was investigated among two groups, police station suspects (N ¼ 30) and individuals (N ¼ 24) attending a job centre in the same area, matched for intellectual ability. In both groups, understanding was very limited and did not relate either to their situation at the time of testing or to self-reported experience of the criminal justice system. Even under optimal experimental conditions, only 11% (six) of the participants were able to demonstrate full understanding of its meaning. Worryingly, though more than 96% (52) claimed to have understood the caution fully after it had been presented to them as it would be by the police, none of them did so. We suggest practical measures to ameliorate the difficulties, but the importance of devising a new, simplified, version of the current caution cannot be overemphasized; otherwise, miscarriages of justice are likely to occur.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales) among suspects in police detention

Fenner

Gudjónsson

Clare

2002

Community & Applied Soc Psy

Self Cite

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“…The percentage of students, suspects, police officers, and the general population who understood fully the standardized English and Welsh caution ranged from 0% (suspects) to 48% (police officers; Clare et al, 1998;Fenner, Gudjonsson, & Clare, 2002). A similar study in Scotland showed that only 11% of young offenders understood all of the rights contained in the Scottish caution that was delivered to them (Cooke & Philip, 1998).…”

Section: Rights a Classic Set Of Studies Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Reading Complexity and Listening Comprehension of Canadian Police Cautions

Eastwood

Snook

Chaulk

2010

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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The reading complexity and listening comprehension of Canadian police cautions were measured. In Study 1, the complexity of 44 unique Canadian police cautions was assessed using five readability measures (Flesch-Kincaid reading level, sentence complexity, use of difficult words, use of infrequent words, and number of words). Results showed that 7 (37%) of the rightto-silence cautions (n = 19) and none of the right-to-legal-counsel cautions (n = 25) reached acceptable cutoff levels for all five measures. In Study 2, university students (N = 121) were presented with one of three cautions verbally and were asked to explain its meaning. Despite variations in complexity across the three cautions, participants understood approximately one third of the information contained in the cautions. The extent to which the needs of Canadian suspects and police organizations are being met and the validity of reading complexity as a predictor of listening comprehension are discussed.

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Looks like a liar? Beliefs about native and non‐native speakers' deception

Leach

Silva

Connors

et al. 2019

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Summary We examined whether observers' beliefs about deception were affected by a speaker's language proficiency. Laypersons (N = 105) and police officers (N = 75) indicated which nonverbal and verbal behaviors were predictive of native versus non‐native speakers' deception. In addition, they provided their beliefs about these speakers' interrogation experiences. Participants believed that native and non‐native speakers would exhibit the same cues to deception. However, they did predict that non‐native speakers would likely face several challenges during interrogations (e.g., longer interrogations and difficulties understanding the interrogator's questions). Police officers and laypersons also differed in their beliefs about cues to deception and interrogation experiences.

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Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales)

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales) among suspects in police detention

Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales) among suspects in police detention

Measuring Reading Complexity and Listening Comprehension of Canadian Police Cautions

Looks like a liar? Beliefs about native and non‐native speakers' deception

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