Understanding of scratch behavior of an automotive coating system: Experiments and finite element analysis

Yang, Hanming; Zou, Chenqi; Xiao, Xuefeng; Miao, Zhuang; Chen, Shunhua

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110835

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…[81] The vehicles in dynamic/static state are always exposed to harsh environmental conditions and prone to corrosion [82] which makes anti-corrosive films to be one of the primary requirement with vehicles. [83,84] Conductive polymers demonstrate anti-corrosive properties as they possess the ability to provide alternative electron routes reducing the probabilities of electrons reaching cathodic sites. The clay-polymer composites are explored for their advantageous conductivity, ease in preparation, biocompatibility, and antioxidant properties.…”

Section: Bumpermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments and Research Avenues for Polymers in Electric Vehicles

Gupta¹,

Toksha

Patel³

et al. 2022

The Chemical Record

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Plastics have been an indispensable material of choice in automobiles with wide range of applications such as interior, exterior, under the hood, and lighting/wiring applications. The prime motive of inclusion of these materials is increase in fuel efficiency and reduction in carbon footprint by replacing the energy intensive metallic counterparts. The current decade i. e., the 2020s has seen a recent surge in the sales of electronic vehicles. Although these numbers are promising, the growth in the rest of the parts of the world is not encouraging. It is primarily due to the skepticism involving battery life and efficiency, profitability, and environmental footprint when compared to conventional and hybrid vehicles. Also, a more concerted effort is needed in the lagging areas in order to install the required infrastructure. The emergence of plastics in the development and acceptance of e-vehicles is going to be pivotal especially when the efficiency and profitability are considered as they give the required freedom to the engineers for the design and development of various parts and sizes by replacing the bulkier and more dense materials. Also, the research on bionanocomposites has received great interest from the research community due to their versatility in application along with their eco-friendly nature throughout the lifecycle starting from feedstock up to end-of-life treatment. This review paper will be one of its kind to present a critical review of the recent developments of polymers suitable for use in e-vehicles. Also, a comprehensive discussion comprising of newer research areas for polymers in their use for e-vehicles will be presented.

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Section: Bumpermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments and Research Avenues for Polymers in Electric Vehicles

Gupta¹,

Toksha

Patel³

et al. 2022

The Chemical Record

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“…Moreover, the ASTM scratch test was applied in the quantitative evaluation of the scratch properties of modified clearcoats [ 15 ]. Through these instrumented tests, it was revealed that automotive coatings are subjected to various scratch damage under high indentation load, including coating plastic deformation, surface cracking [ 7 ], and interlaminar delamination [ 14 , 16 ]. Although experiment results elucidated that scratch failure in automotive coatings has a tight relationship with the mechanical properties and the interlaminar adhesion, the intrinsic mechanism is still far from being clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Felder et al [ 20 ] developed a 3D scratching FE model based on a rheological model and investigated the effect of hardening modulus on the scratch resistance of automotive body coatings. In recent work, our team utilized the FE simulation to analyze the damage mechanisms of scratching an automotive coating [ 16 ] and proposed a rate-dependent constitutive model to characterize the coating materials. However, the numerical model did not consider interface or material failure, and thus lacked an in-depth understanding of scratch damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scratch-induced damage in automotive coatings involves failure at the basecoat/primer interface, as emphasized in [ 7 , 16 ]. Scratches involving delamination usually create irreversible damage in the coating system compared to surface fractures, which are relatively easy to repair [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study aims at investigating interlaminar failure and its correlation to scratch damage in the automotive coating system through numerical simulation. The previous FE scratch model [ 16 ] is developed by incorporating a large deformation CZM, LDCZM [ 36 ], to simulate scratch-induced delamination. In order to reduce the high computing cost with the employment of explicit calculation, the mass scaling technique is applied to the simulation of polymer scratch behavior for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Interlaminar Failure on the Scratch Damage of Automotive Coatings: Cohesive Zone Modeling

et al. 2023

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Interlaminar failure caused by scratches is a common damage mode in automotive coatings and is considered the potential trigger for irreversible destruction, i.e., plowing. This work strives to numerically investigate the mechanisms responsible for the complex scratch behavior of an automotive coating system, considering the interfacial failure. A finite element model is developed by incorporating a large deformation cohesive zone model for scratch-induced debonding simulation, where the mass scaling technique is utilized to minimize computational burden while ensuring accuracy. The delamination phenomenon of the automotive coating is reproduced, and its effects on scratch damage behavior are analyzed. Accordingly, it is revealed that the interlaminar delamination would produce significant stress redistribution, which leads to brittle and ductile damage of the coating and consequently affects the formation of plowing. Eventually, parametric studies on the effects of interfacial properties are performed. They demonstrate that the shear strength and shear fracture energy dominate scratch-induced delamination.

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