Understanding of Aerosol–Climate Interactions in China: Aerosol Impacts on Solar Radiation, Temperature, Cloud, and Precipitation and Its Changes Under Future Climate and Emission Scenarios

Liu, Song; Xing, Jia; Zhao, Bin; Wang, Jiandong; Zhang, Xiaoye; Ding, Aijun

doi:10.1007/s40726-019-00107-6

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…The net effect of ARI and ACI is assessed to be a negative − 0.9 W/m 2 with medium confidence (IPCC 2013). Observational and modeling studies have found that aerosols can significantly affect longterm precipitation trends in China (Guo et al 2017(Guo et al , 2018Huang et al 2007;Liu et al 2016Liu et al , 2019Qian et al 2009;Wang et al 2011;Yang and Li 2014). Multi-year regional chemistry-climate model simulations for East Asia by Giorgi et al (2003) showed that both aerosol direct effect through radiation and indirect effect through cloud interactions result in a cooling of the surface and a decrease in precipitation.…”

Section: Effect Of Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

et al. 2019

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Convection-permitting regional climate models have been shown to improve precipitation simulation in many aspects, such as the diurnal cycle, precipitation frequency, intensity and extremes in many studies over several geographical regions of the world, but their skill in reproducing the warm-season precipitation characteristics over the East Asia has not been robustly tested yet. Motivated by recent advances in computing power, model physics and high-resolution reanalysis, we use the convection-permitting weather research and forecasting (WRF) model configured with 3 km grid spacing to simulate the warm-season precipitation in eastern China for 10 seasons (2008–2017). The hourly 31-km-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data are used to provide initial and boundary conditions for the simulations. The objectives are (1) to evaluate the model skill in simulating warm-season precipitation climatology in the East Asian monsoon region, (2) to identify the promises and problems of the convection-permitting simulation, and (3) to investigate solutions for the model deficiencies. Results demonstrate that the 3-km-resolution WRF model reasonably reproduces the spatial characteristics of seasonal and sub-seasonal precipitation, the seasonal meridional migration associated with the summer monsoon activity, the diurnal variation phase and amplitude, and the propagating convection east of the Tibetan Plateau. The major deficiency is that the model overestimates precipitation amount, especially in the afternoon. Analysis and sensitivity experiments suggest that improved treatment of sub-grid cloud fraction and the aerosol effects may help to suppress the oft-reported high precipitation bias. These results provide useful guidance for improving the model skill at simulating warm-season precipitation in East Asia.

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Section: Effect Of Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

et al. 2019

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“…Apparently, the NDC scenarios cannot ensure that China fully attains the ambient PM 2.5 standards even with the most stringent end-of-pipe controls (NDC−MFR). More importantly, the climate change penalty (considering the impacts of future meteorology change on air pollution) could bring in additional challenge for air quality attainment, which requires even more strengthened emission reductions (25). The "Beautiful China" target (i.e., all cities in China achieving the annual concentration of PM 2.5 below 35 μg/m 3 in 2035) (4) would require more aggressive low-carbon energy policies than those in the NDC scenarios.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quest for improved air quality may push China to continue its CO ₂ reduction beyond the Paris Commitment

Xing

Wang

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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119

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China is challenged with the simultaneous goals of improving air quality and mitigating climate change. The “Beautiful China” strategy, launched by the Chinese government in 2020, requires that all cities in China attain 35 μg/m3or below for annual mean concentration of PM2.5(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) by 2035. Meanwhile, China adopts a portfolio of low-carbon policies to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) pledged in the Paris Agreement. Previous studies demonstrated the cobenefits to air pollution reduction from implementing low-carbon energy policies. Pathways for China to achieve dual targets of both air quality and CO2mitigation, however, have not been comprehensively explored. Here, we couple an integrated assessment model and an air quality model to evaluate air quality in China through 2035 under the NDC scenario and an alternative scenario (Co-Benefit Energy [CBE]) with enhanced low-carbon policies. Results indicate that some Chinese cities cannot meet the PM2.5target under the NDC scenario by 2035, even with the strictest end-of-pipe controls. Achieving the air quality target would require further reduction in emissions of multiple air pollutants by 6 to 32%, driving additional 22% reduction in CO2emissions relative to the NDC scenario. Results show that the incremental health benefit from improved air quality of CBE exceeds 8 times the additional costs of CO2mitigation, attributed particularly to the cost-effective reduction in household PM2.5exposure. The additional low-carbon energy polices required for China’s air quality targets would lay an important foundation for its deep decarbonization aligned with the 2 °C global temperature target.

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“…These processes result in a reduction of incident UV radiation (World Meteorological Organization, 2011). Because of all these effects, the intensity and spectral composition of incident solar radiation can be modified significantly (e.g., Liu et al ., 2019), and these changes can lead to transformations in plant photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis (e.g., Arena et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on different spectral regions of ultraviolet and visible incident solar radiation at the surface

Musiolková

Huszár

Navrátil

et al. 2021

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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This study deals with the impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on spectral regions of incident solar radiation (UVB, UVA, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) = Blue + Green + Red, 660, 730 nm) and their ratios (Blue/Red, Blue/PAR, Green/PAR, Red/PAR, 660/730 nm, UVB/UVA, UVB/PAR, and UVA/PAR) measured at three measuring stations at two locations in the City of Ostrava, Czech Republic. The mentioned spectral regions are crucial for plants because they influence photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. However, there is still a lack of published information about the radiation regime in the plants' environment. The measured data underwent a quality check and were divided into 40 groups corresponding to different combinations of season, cloud cover, and air pollution level. Standard statistical characteristics of spectral regions and their ratios were calculated for each combination. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of air pollutants on spectral regions of incident solar radiation. Average irradiance values in the spectral regions generally decreased with increasing air pollution on both cloudy and sunny days. A mostly decreasing trend of average values of ratios with increasing air pollution is found mainly on sunny days and, for some cases, even on cloudy days. Each ratio shows a specific patterns depending on the season and cloud cover. The generalized linear models confirm previously published results and underline that air pollution affects various spectral regions of incident solar radiation differently.

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Understanding of Aerosol–Climate Interactions in China: Aerosol Impacts on Solar Radiation, Temperature, Cloud, and Precipitation and Its Changes Under Future Climate and Emission Scenarios

Cited by 51 publications

References 145 publications

Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

The quest for improved air quality may push China to continue its CO ₂ reduction beyond the Paris Commitment

Impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on different spectral regions of ultraviolet and visible incident solar radiation at the surface

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Understanding of Aerosol–Climate Interactions in China: Aerosol Impacts on Solar Radiation, Temperature, Cloud, and Precipitation and Its Changes Under Future Climate and Emission Scenarios

Cited by 51 publications

References 145 publications

Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

The quest for improved air quality may push China to continue its CO 2 reduction beyond the Paris Commitment

Impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on different spectral regions of ultraviolet and visible incident solar radiation at the surface

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The quest for improved air quality may push China to continue its CO ₂ reduction beyond the Paris Commitment