Understanding Ocular Findings and Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Update Review of the Literature

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease. Up to one-third of patients suffering from SLE have various ocular manifestations. The ocular findings may represent the initial manifestation of the systemic disease and may lead to severe ocular complications, and even loss of vision. Ocular manifestations are often associated with degree of systemic inflammation, but also can precede the occurrence of systemic symptoms. Early diagnosis and adequate management of patients with SLE are crucial and require cooperation between various specialists. Proper preparation of ophthalmologists can help to differentiate between complication of SLE and other ocular disorders. New therapies for SLE are promising for potential benefits, however, ocular side effects are still unknown.

Augenbeteiligung bei ausgewählten rheumatischen Erkrankungen – Klinik im Erwachsenenalter

“…Patientenbetreuung und Therapiekonzeption (insbesondere Indikation zu und Auswahl von DMARDs, z. B. Hydroxychloroquin) sollten im engen interdisziplinären Dialog erfolgen [28].…”

“…Retinal vasculitis, uveitis, and isolated cotton wool spots correlate with a severe course of SLE [27]. Patient care and therapy design (in particular the indication for and selection of DMARDs, e.g., hydroxychloroquine) should take place in the context of close interdisciplinary dialog [28].…”

Ocular Gene Therapy: Literature Review

“…Aniridia is a congenital circumstance ensuing in partial or whole iris hypoplasia/loss and most many times influences each eyes. It may also end result from an ocular trauma or, extra frequently, from a genetic disease that might also lead in the cornea to aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) [276][277][278]. Most instances of aniridia existing with haploinsufficiency truncating mutation in the PAX6 gene, though about one-third of instances are related with chromosomal rearrangements at the 11(13p) area [277,278].…”

“…It may also end result from an ocular trauma or, extra frequently, from a genetic disease that might also lead in the cornea to aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) [276][277][278]. Most instances of aniridia existing with haploinsufficiency truncating mutation in the PAX6 gene, though about one-third of instances are related with chromosomal rearrangements at the 11(13p) area [277,278]. CRISPR-Cas9 gadget has been these days examined for gene remedy correction of PAX6 mutations.…”

Manifestations of Ocular Autoimmune Diseases - Literature Review

“…More than 25% of patients show abnormalities on the Schirmer test, and 12% qualify for a diagnosis of secondary Sjogren's syndrome. [16] Retinal symptoms that can be observed during fundus examination include cotton wool foci resulting from microcirculation disorders. Inflammation of retinal arterioles, which leads to ischemia and, consequently, retinal neovascularization, may cause vitreous hemorrhage.…”