Understanding mechanisms and factors related to implant fixation; a model study of removal torque

Stenlund, Patrik; Murase, Kohei; Stålhandske, Claes; Lausmaa, Jukka; Palmquist, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.006

Cited by 17 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Roughened surfaces have been shown to affect both the stiffness and the hardness of bone [ 10 ], and the biomechanical anchorage of the implant in bone as determined from removal torque measurements [ 7 ]. Indeed, mechanical interlocking between the implant surface and bone contributes towards the observed increase in the force required to disrupt the interface and unscrew the implant [ 11 ]. A key question therefore is whether sub-micron topography also modulates the molecular composition of the interfacial tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct communication between osteocytes and acid-etched titanium implants with a sub-micron topography

Shah

Stenlund

Martinelli

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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The osteocyte network, through the numerous dendritic processes of osteocytes, is responsible for sensing mechanical loading and orchestrates adaptive bone remodelling by communicating with both the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts. The osteocyte network in the vicinity of implant surfaces provides insight into the bone healing process around metallic implants. Here, we investigate whether osteocytes are able to make an intimate contact with topologically modified, but micrometre smooth (S a < 0.5 µm) implant surfaces, and if sub-micron topography alters the composition of the interfacial tissue. Screw shaped, commercially pure (cp-Ti) titanium implants with (i) machined (S a = ~0.2 µm), and (ii) two-step acid-etched (HF/HNO3 and H2SO4/HCl; S a = ~0.5 µm) surfaces were inserted in Sprague Dawley rat tibia and followed for 28 days. Both surfaces showed similar bone area, while the bone-implant contact was 73 % higher for the acid-etched surface. By resin cast etching, osteocytes were observed to maintain a direct intimate contact with the acid-etched surface. Although well mineralised, the interfacial tissue showed lower Ca/P and apatite-to-collagen ratios at the acid-etched surface, while mineral crystallinity and the carbonate-to-phosphate ratios were comparable for both implant surfaces. The interfacial tissue composition may therefore vary with changes in implant surface topography, independently of the amount of bone formed. Implant surfaces that influence bone to have higher amounts of organic matrix without affecting the crystallinity or the carbonate content of the mineral phase presumably result in a more resilient interfacial tissue, better able to resist crack development during functional loading than densely mineralised bone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct communication between osteocytes and acid-etched titanium implants with a sub-micron topography

Shah

Stenlund

Martinelli

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…Both implant types showed a strong biomechanical anchorage supported by the fracture-like break point in the load-deformation plots and well-defined fractures in the interfacing bone tissue as judged by the histology, which reflects the mechanical properties of the bone tissue, rather than the properties of the interface reactions. The importance of the mechanical properties of the surrounding media in removal torque measurements has been shown in a bench model [49] and could indicate the increased maturation of the bone around the Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr as compared to the Ti, supported by the early mineralization of the woven bone tissue and coordinated cellular remodeling observed by gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Bone response to a novel Ti–Ta–Nb–Zr alloy

et al. 2015

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“…33 The coating procedure used in this study altered the surface roughness at the nanometer level but also improved the bioactive appearance. Stenlund et al 35 established an experimental model to investigate the mechanism and factors affecting implant retention. Removal torque measures the total force required to interrupt the interface between bone and implant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical, histological, and computed X‐ray tomographic analyses of hydroxyapatite coated PEEK implants in an extended healing model in rabbit

Johansson

Barkarmo

Hawthan

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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A nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) modification on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) using a novel spin coating technique was investigated in a rabbit model. Spin coating technique creates a 20-40 nm thick layer of nanosized HA particles with similar shape, size, and crystallinity as human bone. Some implants were designed with a perforating hole in the apical region to mimic a fusion chamber of a spinal implant. The coating nano-structures were assessed using a scanning electron microscope. The in vivo response to HA-PEEK was compared to untreated PEEK with respect to removal torque, histomorphometry, and computed microtomography. The HA-coated and pure PEEK implants were inserted in the tibia and femur bone according to simple randomization. The rabbits were sacrificed 20 weeks after implantation. Removal torque analysis showed significantly higher values for HA-PEEK. Qualitative histological evaluation revealed an intimate contact between PEEK and the bone at the threads and perforated hole. Histomorphometric assessment showed higher bone-implant and bone area values for HA-PEEK but without statistical significance. The effect of the HA coating showed most prominent effect in the removal torque which may be correlated to an alteration in the bone quality around the HA-PEEK implants. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1440-1447, 2018.

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Understanding mechanisms and factors related to implant fixation; a model study of removal torque

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Direct communication between osteocytes and acid-etched titanium implants with a sub-micron topography

Direct communication between osteocytes and acid-etched titanium implants with a sub-micron topography

Bone response to a novel Ti–Ta–Nb–Zr alloy

Biomechanical, histological, and computed X‐ray tomographic analyses of hydroxyapatite coated PEEK implants in an extended healing model in rabbit

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