Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation—Old Pathways, New Problems

Nunn, Alistair V.W.; Guy, Geoffrey W.; Brysch, Wolfgang; Bell, Jimmy D.

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123113

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…Therefore, improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction could be purposed as a therapeutic target of long COVID treatment. It has also been suggested that antioxidants may be able to stabilize mitochondrial function . In other words, supplementing phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant capability or are able to support cellular antioxidant systems might achieve the aim of maintaining mitochondrial health.…”

Section: Mitochondria and Covid-19/long Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mitochondria in Phytochemically Mediated Disease Amelioration

Koh

Pan

2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction may cause cell death, which has recently emerged as a cancer prevention and treatment strategy mediated by chemotherapy drugs or phytochemicals. However, most existing drugs cannot target cancerous cells and may adversely affect normal cells via side effects. Mounting studies have revealed that phytochemicals such as resveratrol could ameliorate various diseases with dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria. For instance, resveratrol can regulate mitophagy, inhibit oxidative stress and preserve membrane potential, induce mitochondrial biogenesis, balance mitochondrial fusion and fission, and enhance the functionality of the electron transport chain. However, there are only a few studies suggesting that phytochemicals could potentially protect against the cytotoxicity of some current cancer drugs, especially those that damage mitochondria. Besides, COVID-19 and long COVID have also been reported to be correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction. Curcumin has been reported bringing a positive impact on COVID-19 and long COVID. Therefore, in this study, the benefits of resveratrol and curcumin to be applied for cancer treatment/prevention and disease amelioration were reviewed. Besides, this review also provides some perspectives on phytochemicals to be considered as a treatment adjuvant for COVID-19 and long COVID by targeting mitochondrial rescue. Hopefully, this review can provide new insight into disease treatment with phytochemicals targeting mitochondria.

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Section: Mitochondria and Covid-19/long Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mitochondria in Phytochemically Mediated Disease Amelioration

Koh

Pan

2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…All this can be considered a collateral effect of cellular sequestration by the virus to redirect cellular metabolism towards viral replication. Although this condition usually reverses after viral clearance, its chronification may be associated with symptoms of mitochondrial-associated long COVID, which in turn may be a consequence of previous suboptimal mitochondrial function [45]. In this sense, the cellular mechanisms that eliminate damaged mitochondria lose their effectiveness and, consequently, they accumulate in the cells.…”

Section: Cytopathic Effects On Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Gonzalez-Garcia¹,

Moreno²,

Peñate³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and Long-COVID.

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“…Other emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces chronic inflammation, increased ROS production and a dysbalanced metabolic state due to mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in patients with previous suboptimal mitochondrial function and low mitochondrial reserve due to factors like comorbidities or age [326]. In this context, the release of oxidized DNA fragments from damaged mitochondria activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, is thought to be a driving force of chronic inflammation [327].…”

Section: Possible Long-term Effects Of Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Oedema as a Consequence of Viral Infection and Persistence – a Narrative Review with Focus on COVID-19 and Post COVID Sequelae

Panagiotides,

Poledniczek,

Andreas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Microvascular integrity is a critical factor in myocardial fluid homeostasis. The subtle equilibrium between capillary filtration and lymphatic fluid removal is disturbed during pathological processes leading to inflammation, but also in hypoxia or due to alterations in vascular perfusion and coagulability. The degradation of the glycocalyx as the main component of the endothelial filtration barrier as well as pericyte disintegration result in accumulation of interstitial and intracellular water. Moreover, lymphatic dysfunction evokes an increase in metabolic waste products, cytokines and inflammatory cells in the interstitial space contributing to myocardial oedema formation. This leads to myocardial stiffness and impaired contractility eventually resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial remodelling and fibrosis. The following article reviews pathophysiological inflammatory processes leading to myocardial oedema including myocarditis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and viral infections with a special focus on the pathomechanisms evoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition, clinical implications including potential long-term effects due to viral persistence (long-COVID), as well as treatment options are discussed.

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Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation—Old Pathways, New Problems

Cited by 42 publications

References 240 publications

The Role of Mitochondria in Phytochemically Mediated Disease Amelioration

The Role of Mitochondria in Phytochemically Mediated Disease Amelioration

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Myocardial Oedema as a Consequence of Viral Infection and Persistence – a Narrative Review with Focus on COVID-19 and Post COVID Sequelae

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