Understanding light pollution: Recent advances on its health threats and regulations

Cao, Mengyu; Xu, Ting; Yin, Daqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.020

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The “low 5-HT hypothesis” possesses profound influences throughout the history of depression research − and is available for depression promoted by genetic, physiological, and exogenous chemical factors. Recently, the NIF visual pathway, which can be regulated by light and disrupted by environmental chemicals, is proposed to orchestrate with a central neurotransmitter in depression. , This pathway employs melanopsin to exert such impacts dependent on direct photoentrainment or indirect regulation via circadian rhythm, and we identified that BDE-47 unitized the mechanism in this study (Figure ). The central circadian rhythm, which relies on SCN neurotransmitters (including neuropeptides) and clock genes, was systematically tuned by melanopsin genes under BDE-47 exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The impacts of BDE-47 on neuropeptides including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) and clock genes including per2 , clocka , cry1a , and bmal1b in the central circadian pacemaker SCN are shown in Figure . The retinorecipient core of the SCN contains neurons secreting VIP, while those secreting AVP are mostly located in the shell part of the SCN, especially VIP + neurons that respond to the signals from ipRGCs. , Under BDE-47 exposure, the fluorescence intensity of both VIP and AVP displayed notable decreases at night and increases during daytime. The quantitative results showed that at least one of the tested concentrations of BDE-47 caused significant changes in their contents (Figure C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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BDE-47 Causes Depression-like Effects in Zebrafish Larvae via a Non-Image-Forming Visual Mechanism

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Depression is a high-incidence mood disorder that is frequently accompanied by sleep disturbances, which can be triggered by the non-image-forming (NIF) visual system. Therefore, we hypothesize that polybrominated diphenyl ethers are known to induce visual impairment that could promote depression by disrupting the NIF visual pathway. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to BDE-47 at environmentally relevant concentrations (2.5 and 25 μg/L). BDE-47 caused melanopsin genes that dominate the NIF visual system that fell at night (p < 0.05) but rose in the morning (p < 0.05). Such bidirectional difference transmitted to clock genes and neuropeptides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and impacted the adjacent serotonin system. However, indicative factors of depression, including serta, htr1aa, and aanat2, were unidirectionally increased 1.3- to 1.6-fold (p < 0.05). They were consistent with the increase in nighttime thigmotaxis (p < 0.05) and circadian hypoactivity (p < 0.05). The results of melanopsin antagonism also indicated that these consequences were possibly due to the combination of direct photoentrainment by melanopsin and circadian disruption originating from melanopsin. Collectively, our findings revealed that BDE-47 exposure disrupted the NIF visual pathway and resulted in depression-like effects, which may further exert profound health effects like mood disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

BDE-47 Causes Depression-like Effects in Zebrafish Larvae via a Non-Image-Forming Visual Mechanism

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Therefore, it is difficult to explain the biological mechanism of ALAN itself. However, many existing studies have shown that circadian rhythm disturbance and melatonin inhibition are possible ways that ALAN may affect human health [ 50 ]. This study suggests that future work should measure the circadian rhythm period and metabolic hormone changes in children and adolescents to explore the direct or indirect pathways and mechanisms linking ALAN and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure and Overweight and Obesity across GDP Levels among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Dang

Shi

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Evidence in adults suggests that exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN) leads to obesity. However, little is known about whether this effect exists in children and adolescents. We aimed to investigate whether ALAN exposure was associated with overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents and whether this association varied with socioeconomic status. Methods: Data on the height and weight of 129,500 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years from 72 cities were extracted from the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). The ALAN area percentage and average ALAN intensity were calculated using the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite. The subjects were separated into three categories based on the cities’ gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC). A mixed-effect logistic regression model and generalized additive model (GAM) were utilized to evaluate the association between ALAN exposure and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents stratified by municipal GDPPC. Results: Both ALAN area (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.175–1.212) and ALAN intensity (OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.017–1.020) were positively associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, and the associations remained robust after adjusting for covariates. ORs for overweight and obesity and ALAN area decreased as GDPPC level increased (first tertile: OR = 1.457, 95% CI: 1.335–1.590; second tertile: OR = 1.350, 95% CI: 1.245–1.464; third tertile: OR = 1.100, 95% CI: 1.081–1.119). Similar results were observed for ALAN intensity. In the GAM models, thresholds existed in almost all these spline trends, indicating that ALAN might have a nonlinear association with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: ALAN contributed to the development of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents and this effect differed with GDPPC. Future longitudinal studies should confirm the causal relationship between ALAN and obesity. Moreover, reducing unnecessary exposure to artificial light at night may have beneficial implications for controlling childhood and adolescent obesity, particularly in low-income areas.

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“…We already managed to implement this approach in the city of Brno, where this assessment will be carried out over the next years in collaboration with the city hall. We will also include another predictors of urban exposome such as light pollution ( 78 ), meteorological conditions ( 79 ) or other socio-economic parameters. And while so far, we are limited in spatial resolution of ZAs, this limitation may be surpassed in the future, increasing the accuracy of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City-scale assessment of long-term air quality impacts on the respiratory and cardiovascular health

Šulc

Gregor

Kalina

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe impact of the urban environment on human health is a contemporary subject of environmental research. Air pollution is often considered a leading environmental driver. However, a plethora of other factors within the urban exposome may be involved. At the same time, the resolution of spatial data is also an important facet to consider. Generally, systematic tools for accurate health risk assessment in the urban environment are missing or are not implemented.MethodsThe long-term impact of air quality (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, benzene, and SO2) on respiratory and cardiovascular health was assessed with a log-linear model. We used the most accurate health data in high city scale spatial resolution over the period 2010 to 2018. Selected external exposome parameters were also included in the analysis.ResultsStatistically significant associations between air pollution and the health of the urban population were found. The strongest association was between benzene and the incidence of bronchitis in the adult population [RR 1.552 95% CI (1.415–1.704) per 0.5 μg/m3 change in benzene concentration]. A similar relation was observed between NO2 and the same health condition [RR 1.483 95% CI (1.227–1.792) per 8.9 μg/m3 of change in NO2]. Other weaker associations were also found between asthma in children and PMs, NO2, or benzene. Cardiovascular-related hospitalizations in the general population were linked with NO2 [RR 1.218 95% CI (1.119–1.325) per 9.7 μg/m3 change in NO2]. The remaining pollutants were slightly less but still significantly associated with cardiovascular-related hospitalizations.ConclusionOur findings are mostly highly statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) and are in line with current literature on the adverse effects of air pollution on the human population. The results highlight the need for continual improvements in air quality. We propose the implementation of this approach as a systematic tool for the investigation of possible health risks over a long period of time. However, further research involving other variables is an essential step toward understanding the complex urban exposome and its implications for human health. An increase in data spatial resolution is especially important in this respect as well as for improving city health risk management.

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Understanding light pollution: Recent advances on its health threats and regulations

Cited by 51 publications

References 102 publications

BDE-47 Causes Depression-like Effects in Zebrafish Larvae via a Non-Image-Forming Visual Mechanism

BDE-47 Causes Depression-like Effects in Zebrafish Larvae via a Non-Image-Forming Visual Mechanism

Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure and Overweight and Obesity across GDP Levels among Chinese Children and Adolescents

City-scale assessment of long-term air quality impacts on the respiratory and cardiovascular health

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