Understanding Japanese Society

Hendry, Joy

doi:10.4324/9780203111659

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Japan's relational self, though undermined by neo-liberal reforms , values empathetic reading/gauging of others in all social situations (Hendry, 2003), and in the story nurses gauge empathetically 'unvoiced needs, providing comfort without actually being asked.' (Yamazaki, 2008, p. 17).…”

Section: Theorising Compassionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choice and compassion at the end of life: A critical analysis of recent English policy discourse

Borgstrom

Walter

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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End of life care in England has recently been framed by two very different discourses. One (connected to advance care planning) promotes personal choice, the other promotes compassionate care; both are prominent in professional, policy and media settings. The article outlines the history of who promoted each discourse from 2008 to early 2015, when, why and how and this was done.Each discourse is then critically analysed from a standpoint that takes account of bodily decline, structural constraints, and human relationality. We focus on the biggest group of those nearing the end of their life, namely frail very old people suffering multiple conditions. In their care within contemporary healthcare organisations, choice becomes a tick box and compassion a commodity.Informed choice, whether at the end of life or in advance of it, does not guarantee the death the person wants, especially for those dying of conditions other than cancer and in the absence of universally available skilled and compassionate care. Enabling healthcare staff to provide compassionate, relational care, however, implies reversing the philosophical, political and financial direction of healthcare in the UK and most other Anglophone countries. KeywordsEngland, end of life care, choice, compassion, discourse, old age, relational ethics, governmentality 2 Research Highlights• The 'choice' agenda arises out of (cancer) palliative care.• The 'compassion' agenda arises out of elder care scandals.• Compassion signifies care as a relationship rather than a commodity.• Compassion can be undermined by an overemphasis on autonomous individuals.

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Section: Theorising Compassionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choice and compassion at the end of life: A critical analysis of recent English policy discourse

Borgstrom

Walter

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Over 60% of the thirteen and a half thousand nursery schools in Japan are private organisations (MEXT, 2010, p. 44) and it is not unheard of for the most prestigious ones to subject toddlers to entrance exams in order to gain admission -this being a rather excessively early taste of the academic rat race which is to come later on. According to Hendry (1989), some kindergartens feel that examining three-year-old children is potentially too problematic and therefore opt to test the children's mothers instead! Much of the literature examining nursery schools points to the essential role they play in socialising children into becoming 'good Japanese' by introducing the concepts of group-mindedness, cooperation and self-discipline within the curriculum (e. g. Hendry, 1986;Kotloff, 1996;Lewis, 1984;Peak, 1989).…”

Section: An Overview Of the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a further attempt to encourage honest, accurate accounts of silence incidents from the students' own perspectives, participants were asked to avoid tatamae answers during recall sessions. Relating to one's socially-tuned, publicly stated opinion rather than one's true, innermost feelings, tatamae (see Barnlund, 1974;Gudykunst & Nishida, 1993;Hendry, 1989;Lebra, 1976) was specifically referred to in the research protocol because it is a Japanese cultural concept which participants could readily understand and relate to.…”

Section: Silence As a Sensitive Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to ensuring a comfortable interview setting, seating arrangements took into account the hierarchical contextualisation of space in Japan (Hendry, 1989;McDaniel, 2003). This meant that interviewees were given the seating position with the highest status (in the corner of the room furthest away from and facing the entrance).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Related to one's public presentation of self, tatemae refers to a person's officially stated position as opposed to his/her true, innermost beliefs (Gudykunst & Nishida, 1993;Hendry, 1989). Coupled to the Japanese tendency to avoid self-disclosure (Barnlund, 1974(Barnlund, ,1989Lebra, 1987), tatemae answers present a serious challenge for the interview researcher.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Silence in the Second Language Classroom

King¹

2013

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This mixed-methods investigation reports on the under-researched issue of silence within Japanese university second language (L2) classrooms. An extensive, multi-site study using a structured observation methodology was employed to investigate the classroom behaviour of over 900 language learners across nine universities in Japan. To effectively measure the extent of macro-level silence within their classrooms, an original observation instrument called the Classroom Oral Participation Scheme (COPS) was specially developed for the task. A total of 48 hours of data was collected using a minute-by-minute sampling strategy which resulted in some startling results.Learners were found to be responsible for less than one percent of initiated talk within their classes, while over a fifth of total class time observed was characterised by no oral participation by any participants. Complementing the COPS' quantitative evidence of a robust national trend of silence in Japan's universities, a parallel qualitative phase of the investigation gave students a voice about their silences by drawing on over seventy-thousand words of transcribed data collected during a series of semi-structured interviews. This phase of the research provided a valuable individual-level analysis of learners' fundamental beliefs about and personal experiences of not speaking in L2 educational contexts. The final phase of the project adopted an event-specific focus on classroom silence by utilising a stimulated recall methodology to uncover what students were actually thinking and feeling whilst silent i episodes were in progress during lessons. Using Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) as its conceptual background, the investigation moves away from reductionist, single-cause explanations for learner reticence to suggest that silence actually emerges through multiple, concurrent routes. These routes (termed attractors in DST) are so abundant, and appear to be so well supported both educationally and culturally in the Japanese context, that silence has fossilised into a semi-permanent attractor state within university language classrooms.ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Der religiöse Nationalismus Japans

Müller

2019

Offene Oder Geschlossene Kollektividentität

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Understanding Japanese Society

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Choice and compassion at the end of life: A critical analysis of recent English policy discourse

Choice and compassion at the end of life: A critical analysis of recent English policy discourse

Silence in the Second Language Classroom

Der religiöse Nationalismus Japans

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