Understanding internal backgrounds in NaI(Tl) crystals toward a 200 kg array for the KIMS-NaI experiment

Adhikari, P.; Adhikari, G.; Choi, S.; Ha, C.; Hahn, I.S.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, Hyun-Woo; Kang, W. G.; Kim, H J; Kim, H.O.; Kim, K W; Kim, N.Y.; Kim, S K; Kim, Y.D.; Kim, Y H; Lee, H.S.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, M H; Leonard, D. S.; Li, J.; Oh, S. Y.; Olsen, S. L.; Park, H.K.; Park, H S; Park, K.S.; So, J. H.; Yoon, Y. S.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4030-z

Cited by 50 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These background levels are lower than those of the crystals used by the NAIAD experiment [32], but higher than those in DAMA/LIBRA [9]. The higher background in is primarily due to a larger contamination of 210 Pb [19,25]. Detailed background studies of these crystals are reported elsewhere [19,25,26,35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with NaI(Tl) crystal detectors

Kim

Adhikari

et al. 2019

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Limits on the cross section for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) elastic scattering on nuclei in NaI(Tl) detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory are obtained from a 2967.4 kg·day data exposure. The nuclei recoiling from the scattering process are identified by the pulse shape of the scintillation light signals that they produce. The data are consistent with a no nuclear-recoil hypothesis, and WIMP-mass-dependent 90% confidence-level upper-limits are set on WIMP-nuclei elastic scattering cross sections. These limits partially exclude the DAMA/LIBRA allowed region for WIMP-sodium interactions with the same NaI(Tl) target material. The 90% confidence level upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section is 3.26×10 −4 pb for a WIMP mass of 10 GeV/c 2 .

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS) collaboration has developed low-background NaI(Tl) crystals for the purpose of reproducing the DAMA's modulation results [19,25]. A good understanding of the residual radioactive background contaminants of the crystals has been achieved [26].…”

Section: Size (D)×(l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with NaI(Tl) crystal detectors

Kim

Adhikari

et al. 2019

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…Several experiments have been trying to confirm or refute the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation, including ANAIS, DM-Ice, KIMS and COSINE [7][8][9][10]. However, none of these efforts have achieved a background low enough to confirm or refute the modulation effectively within a reasonable amount of time, and the biggest source of background comes from radioactive impurities inside the crystal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystals for dark matter searches

Suerfu

Wada

Peloso

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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The annual modulation of scintillation event rate observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment has been a long-standing controversy in the quest of the direct detection of dark matter. The effort to definitively confirm or refute the annual modulation has turned out to be challenging due to the lack of NaI(Tl) crystals with high enough radio-purity. Most recently, we successfully grew a 6-kg ingot free from contamination during growth, from which a 3.4-kg crystal scintillator was made. The 39 K concentration in the final crystal is estimated to be 4.3±0.2 ppb, unprecedented for NaI(Tl) crystals. The 210 Pb activity is estimated to be 0.34±0.04 mBq/kg via α counting of 210 Po, among the lowest of currently-running NaI-based dark matter experiments except DAMA/LIBRA. More importantly, the techniques and protocols we have developed will further contribute to the growth of higher purity NaI(Tl) crystals for dark matter searches.

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“…The COSINE-100 experiment [1] is a joint effort between KIMS-NaI [2][3][4] and DM-Ice [5,6] to unambiguously test the claim of dark matter detection by the DAMA/NaI [7] and DAMA/LIBRA [8][9][10] experiments with thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) scintillating crystals. COSINE-100 is located at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory (Y2L), in the Yangyang pumped storage power plant, with 700 m minimum of rock overburden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COSINE-100 data acquisition system

Adhikari

Souza

et al. 2018

J. Inst.

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A: COSINE-100 is a dark matter direct detection experiment designed to test the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. COSINE-100 consists of 8 NaI(Tl) crystals with a total mass of 106 kg, a 2200 L liquid scintillator veto, and 37 muon detector panels. We present details of the data acquisition system of COSINE-100, including waveform storage using flash analog-to-digital converters for crystal events and integrated charge storage using charge-sensitive analog-to-digital converters for liquid scintillator and plastic scintillator muon veto events. We also discuss several trigger conditions developed in order to distinguish signal events from photomultiplier noise events. The total trigger rate observed for the crystal/liquid scintillator (plastic scintillator) detector is 15 Hz (24 Hz). K: Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.); Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Data acquisition concepts; Detector control systems; Front-end electronics for detector readout; Trigger algorithm; Trigger concepts and systems arXiv:1806.09788v1 [physics.ins-det]

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Understanding internal backgrounds in NaI(Tl) crystals toward a 200 kg array for the KIMS-NaI experiment

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with NaI(Tl) crystal detectors

Limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with NaI(Tl) crystal detectors

Growth of ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystals for dark matter searches

The COSINE-100 data acquisition system

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