Understanding inter-individual variability in short-chain chlorinated paraffin concentrations in human blood

Niu, Shan; Chen, Xi; Chen, Ruiwen; Zou, Yun; Zhang, ZhiZhen; Li, Li; Hageman, Kimberly J.; Ng, Carla A.; Dong, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130235

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In terms of SCCPs (C 10 –C 13 ), the C 10 homologues were the most abundant SCCP groups in both cases and controls and the SCCP congener group contributions decreased as the carbon chain length increased. These patterns were consistent with previous research observations in human blood and breast milk samples but contrast with findings in human blood from Shenzhen, where C 13 homologues were dominant . The Cl 6 and Cl 7 homologues were the most dominant SCCP chlorine congener group in the cases and controls, accounting for 31.5 and 31.9%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Exposure to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Yang,

Yao,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Toxicological studies have indicated that exposure to chlorinated paraffins (CPs) may disrupt intracellular glucose and energy metabolism. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of human CP exposure on glucose homeostasis and its potential association with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here, we conducted a prospective study with a nested case−control design to evaluate the link between short-and medium-chain CP (SCCPs and MCCPs) exposures during pregnancy and the risk of GDM. Serum samples from 102 GDM-diagnosed pregnant women and 204 healthy controls were collected in Hangzhou, Eastern China. The median (interquartile range, IQR) concentration of SCCPs was 161 (127, 236) ng/mL in the GDM group compared to 127 (96.9, 176) ng/mL in the non-GDM group (p < 0.01). For MCCPs, the GDM group had a median concentration of 144 (117, 174) ng/mL, while the control group was 114 (78.1, 162) ng/mL (p < 0.01). Compared to the lowest quartile as the reference, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of GDM were 7.07 (95% CI: 2.87, 17.40) and 3.34 (95% CI: 1.48, 7.53) in the highest quartile of ∑SCCP and ∑MCCP levels, respectively, with MCCPs demonstrating an inverted U-shaped association with GDM. Weighted quantile sum regression evaluated the joint effects of all CPs on GDM and glucose homeostasis. Among all CP congeners, C 13 H 23 Cl 5 and C 10 H 16 Cl 6 were the crucial variables driving the positive association with the GDM risk. Our results demonstrated a significant positive association between CP concentration in maternal serum and GDM risk, and exposure to SCCPs and MCCPs may disturb maternal glucose homeostasis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the health risks of CP exposure and the role of environmental contaminants in the pathogenesis of GDM.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Exposure to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Yang,

Yao,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…We assess human exposure to CPs through multiple pathways from the ambient environment, using the modules integrated within the PROduction To EXposure (PROTEX) model, which was initially introduced by Li et al , and has been successfully applied in modeling human exposure to CPs and other hydrophobic organic chemicals , (see an overview of model structure in Figure S1). Briefly, fed with emission rates, the chemical fate module within PROTEX elucidates the complex set of processes governing the partitioning, transport, and transformation of CPs within a nested indoor–urban–rural environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, “simplified” methods may seek to efficiently model these mixtures by grouping CP constituents with similar properties into broader categories (e.g., congener or homologue groups) and employing central-tendency (average or median) properties to represent these categories. Such simplified methods have been widely adopted to estimate CP mixture emissions, environmental fate, and human exposures at various levels of aggregation. ,, However, it remains unclear whether such simplified approaches introduce unacceptable levels of uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Justified in Modeling Human Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin Mixtures Using the Average Properties of Congeners and Homologues?

Chen,

Li,

Endo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Concern over human exposure to chlorinated paraffin (CP) mixtures keeps increasing. The absence of a comprehensive understanding of how human exposure varies with the physicochemical properties of CP constituents has hindered the ability to determine at what level of aggregation exposure to CPs should be assessed. We answer this question by comparing exposure predicted with either a "complex" method that utilizes isomer-specific properties or "simplified" methods that rely on median properties of congener, homologue, or short-/medium-/longchain CP groups. Our results demonstrate the wide range of physicochemical properties across CP mixtures and their dependence on molecular structures. Assuming unit emissions in the environment, these variances translate into an extensive disparity in whole-body concentrations predicted for different isomers, spanning ∼11 orders of magnitude. CPs with 13−19 carbons and 6−10 chlorines exhibit the highest human exposure potential, primarily owing to moderate to high hydrophobicity and slow environmental degradation and biotransformation. Far-field exposure is dominant for most CP constituents. Our study underscores that using average properties of congener, homologue, or S/M/LCCP groups yields results that are consistent with those derived from isomer-based modeling, thus offering an efficient and practical framework for future risk assessments and human exposure studies of CPs and other complex chemical mixtures.

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“…PROTEX has several advantageous merits in hazard and risk assessments. First, PROTEX's performance has been well evaluated and validated in a series of earlier studies, [15][16][17][18][19][20] where it succeeded in reproducing contamination of a diverse array of contaminants, ranging from mainly hydrophobic to hydrophilic and from recalcitrant to liable chemicals, that had been observed in environmental monitoring efforts. Second, PROTEX builds on mathematical descriptions of physical, chemical, biological, and toxicokinetic processes governing chemical fate and exposure.…”

Section: Protex Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the importance of atmospheric transformation in assessing the hazards of liquid crystal monomers

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Understanding inter-individual variability in short-chain chlorinated paraffin concentrations in human blood

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Exposure to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Exposure to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case–Control Study in Eastern China

Are We Justified in Modeling Human Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin Mixtures Using the Average Properties of Congeners and Homologues?

Understanding the importance of atmospheric transformation in assessing the hazards of liquid crystal monomers

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