Understanding Human Neural Control of Short-term Gait Adaptation to the Split-belt Treadmill

Hinton, Dorelle C.; Conradsson, David; Paquette, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.055

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Locomotor adaptations can be categorized into reactive (feedback) or predictive (feedforward) mechanisms (Box 2), and both processes are necessary and important to understand in order to improve rehabilitation strategies for gait impairments. Furthermore, evidence from neurologically impaired populations (cerebellar lesion, post-stroke) suggest that spinal and supraspinal structures play different roles during locomotor adaptation (Hinton and others 2020). Studies of infant walking adaptation suggest that the spinal cord plays an important role in integrating sensory afferents with central pattern generators, which allows for quick reactive adjustments during walking (Yang and others 2005).…”

Section: Overview Of Human Locomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past 15 years, there has been a growing interest in the study of human locomotor adaptation using a split-belt treadmill that can control the walking speed of each leg independently (see review: Hinton and others 2020). The split-belt treadmill allows the left and right treadmill belts to be set at the same speed resembling a normal treadmill (i.e., “tied-belt” condition), or at different speeds with one side moving faster than the other (i.e., “split-belt” condition).…”

Section: Split-belt Treadmill Locomotor Adaptation: Young Versus Olde...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Control of Human Locomotor Adaptation: Lessons about Changes with Aging

Sato

Choi

2021

Neuroscientist

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Walking patterns are adaptable in response to different environmental demands, which requires neural input from spinal and supraspinal structures. With an increase in age, there are changes in walking adaptation and in the neural control of locomotion, but the age-related changes in the neural control of locomotor adaptation is unclear. The purpose of this narrative review is to establish a framework where the age-related changes of neural control of human locomotor adaptation can be understood in terms of reactive feedback and predictive feedforward control driven by sensory feedback during locomotion. We parse out the effects of aging on (a) reactive adaptation to split-belt walking, (b) predictive adaptation to split-belt walking, (c) reactive visuomotor adaptation, and (d) predictive visuomotor adaptation, and hypothesize that specific neural circuits are influenced differentially with age, which influence locomotor adaptation. The differences observed in the age-related changes in walking adaptation across different locomotor adaptation paradigms will be discussed in light of the age-related changes in the neural mechanisms underlying locomotion.

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Section: Overview Of Human Locomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Split-belt Treadmill Locomotor Adaptation: Young Versus Olde...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of Human Locomotor Adaptation: Lessons about Changes with Aging

Sato

Choi

2021

Neuroscientist

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“…These errors were smaller in our gradual paradigm, likely resulting in less recalibration and thus smaller aftereffects overground. In contrast to the cerebellar-driven implicit adaptation, explicit error corrections involve a more conscious strategy hinting at a stronger involvement of cerebral structures in motor adaptation 30,31 , possibly through connections with the cerebellum 32,33 . Overground aftereffects in the visual feedback group, which reduced errors through explicit corrections, were likely smaller because participants no longer used the cognitive strategy learned on the treadmill during overground walking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large errors increase the generalization of locomotor adaptation depending on the error direction

Kam

Staring

Mariscal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Generalization in motor adaptation involves the transfer of movements beyond the adaptation context. We investigated the effect of size (large vs. small) and direction (unidirectional vs. bidirectional) of performance errors during adaptation on the generalization of walking patterns from a split-belt treadmill (training context) to overground (testing context). We hypothesized that unusual errors (i.e., large unidirectional or bidirectional errors) would serve as contextual cues limiting generalization. The size of unidirectional errors was modulated either implicitly (i.e., gradual vs. semi-abrupt split-belt perturbations) or explicitly (i.e., through instructed visual feedback). Bidirectional errors were induced by a sudden removal of the split-perturbation after a long adaptation period, resulting in errors in the opposite direction to those at the start of the adaptation period. Our findings did not support our hypothesis. We found that bidirectional, but not large, performance errors limited generalization across contexts, which could be mediated by two distinct mechanisms. On the one hand, bidirectional errors upon removal of the split-perturbation are also experienced when transitioning to overground walking. Thus, bidirectional errors may facilitate switching between distinct walking patterns, thereby limiting generalization. On the other hand, large unidirectional errors induce more motor adaptation, which might lead to more generalization.

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“…Locomotor adaptation relies on neural processing of information about ongoing movement. This processing includes aspects of both peripheral and central nervous systems, as individuals must accurately sense changes in the environment, integrate feedback across multiple sensory sources, and update gait patterns appropriately – known broadly as sensorimotor integration (for a review, see ( Hinton, Conradsson, & Paquette, 2020 )). An important feature of sensorimotor integration is sensory reweighting – the ability to “weight” sources of sensory information based on their relative importance/reliability during a motor task ( Assländer and Peterka, 2014 , Kabbaligere et al, 2017 , Peterka, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sensory manipulations on locomotor adaptation to split-belt treadmill walking in healthy younger and older adults

Kuhman

Moll

Reed

et al. 2022

IBRO Neuroscience Reports

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Locomotor adaptation relies on processes of both the peripheral and central nervous systems that may be compromised with advanced age (e.g., proprioception, sensorimotor integration). Age-related changes to these processes may result in reduced rates of locomotor adaptation under normal conditions and should cause older adults to be disproportionately more affected by sensory manipulations during adaptation compared to younger adults. 17 younger and 10 older adults completed five separate 5-minute split-belt walking trials: three under normal sensory conditions, one with 30% bodyweight support (meant to reduce proprioceptive input), and one with goggles that constrained the visual field (meant to reduce visual input). We fit step length symmetry data from each participant in each trial with a single exponential function and used the time constant to quantify locomotor adaption rate. Group by trial ANOVAs were used to test the effects of age, condition, and their interaction on adaptation rates. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no evidence that sensory manipulations disproportionately affected older compared to younger adults, at least in our relatively small sample. In fact, in both groups, adaptation rates remained unaffected across all trials, including both normal and sensory manipulated trials. Our results provide evidence that both younger and older adults were able to adequately reweight sources of sensory information based on environmental constraints, indicative of well-functioning neural processes of motor adaptation.

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Understanding Human Neural Control of Short-term Gait Adaptation to the Split-belt Treadmill

Cited by 21 publications

References 107 publications

Neural Control of Human Locomotor Adaptation: Lessons about Changes with Aging

Neural Control of Human Locomotor Adaptation: Lessons about Changes with Aging

Large errors increase the generalization of locomotor adaptation depending on the error direction

Effects of sensory manipulations on locomotor adaptation to split-belt treadmill walking in healthy younger and older adults

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