Understanding How Sexual and Gender Minority Stigmas Influence Depression Among Trans Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men in India

Chakrapani, Venkatesan; Purayil, VijinPandara; LogieCarmen, H; Newman, Peter A.; ShunmugamMurali,; SivasubramanianMurugesan,; SamuelMiriam,

doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0082

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Appropriately powered studies specifically tailored for transgender women in sub-Saharan Africa would facilitate the robust analyses needed to fill gaps in knowledge of diverse transgender populations and to identify which transgender populations may be most vulnerable to HIV. Knowing that stigma drives both depression [ 61 ] and vulnerability to HIV infection, funders and national governments should invest in routine stigma surveillance [ 62 ] and the scale-up of effective transgender-inclusive stigma-reduction interventions [ 63 , 64 ] as key components of their HIV strategies. Transgender populations are emerging across sub-Saharan Africa: the data presented here suggest the need to understand the HIV epidemiology and specific HIV prevention and treatment needs of transgender populations in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2017

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IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa bears more than two-thirds of the worldwide burden of HIV; however, data among transgender women from the region are sparse. Transgender women across the world face significant vulnerability to HIV. This analysis aimed to assess HIV prevalence as well as psychosocial and behavioral drivers of HIV infection among transgender women compared with cisgender (non-transgender) men who have sex with men (cis-MSM) in 8 sub-Saharan African countries.Methods and findingsRespondent-driven sampling targeted cis-MSM for enrollment. Data collection took place at 14 sites across 8 countries: Burkina Faso (January–August 2013), Côte d’Ivoire (March 2015–February 2016), The Gambia (July–December 2011), Lesotho (February–September 2014), Malawi (July 2011–March 2012), Senegal (February–November 2015), Swaziland (August–December 2011), and Togo (January–June 2013). Surveys gathered information on sexual orientation, gender identity, stigma, mental health, sexual behavior, and HIV testing. Rapid tests for HIV were conducted. Data were merged, and mixed effects logistic regression models were used to estimate relationships between gender identity and HIV infection. Among 4,586 participants assigned male sex at birth, 937 (20%) identified as transgender or female, and 3,649 were cis-MSM. The mean age of study participants was approximately 24 years, with no difference between transgender participants and cis-MSM. Compared to cis-MSM participants, transgender women were more likely to experience family exclusion (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.42–2.16, p < 0.001), rape (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.63–2.36, p < 0.001), and depressive symptoms (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12–1.52, p < 0.001). Transgender women were more likely to report condomless receptive anal sex in the prior 12 months (OR 2.44, 95% CI 2.05–2.90, p < 0.001) and to be currently living with HIV (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.49–2.19, p < 0.001). Overall HIV prevalence was 25% (235/926) in transgender women and 14% (505/3,594) in cis-MSM. When adjusted for age, condomless receptive anal sex, depression, interpersonal stigma, law enforcement stigma, and violence, and the interaction of gender with condomless receptive anal sex, the odds of HIV infection for transgender women were 2.2 times greater than the odds for cis-MSM (95% CI 1.65–2.87, p < 0.001). Limitations of the study included sampling strategies tailored for cis-MSM and merging of datasets with non-identical survey instruments.ConclusionsIn this study in sub-Saharan Africa, we found that HIV burden and stigma differed between transgender women and cis-MSM, indicating a need to address gender diversity within HIV research and programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Many of transgender adults in India suffer from chronic conditions like diabetes, asthma, TB or HIV. Some studies have highlighted high substance use among the transgender community (Chakrapani et al, 2017;Goyal et al, 2014;Humsafar Trust, 2012;Muraleedharan et al, 2018). More than half the community consumed tobacco, which only made them more vulnerable to the disease since COVID-19 affects the respiratory system (CDC, 2020).…”

Section: Vulnerability Of Transgender To Covid-19 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on Transgender Women & Hijra: Insights from Gujarat, India

Pandya

Redcay

2020

Preprint

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Protecting vulnerable populations from COVID-19 pandemic is a strategic imperative particularly considering they are at an increased risk for a wide range of issues. Based on the telephonic interview with twelve transgender women from Gujarat, India, this paper highlights the vulnerability factors for transgender individuals during a world-wide pandemic. Amongst others, transgender community members who struggle to cope financially, mentally, or physically with the crisis are also a vulnerable group that requires attention. Authors discuss key perspectives to meet the health needs of this group. Findings also offer broad insights into bolstering mental health, provisioning and encouraging availing psychological services in addition to essential healthcare services. It is critically important to address this population’s special needs during public health crisis such as COVID 19 and beyond. More studies are needed in this area to illuminate unique considerations for healthcare workers while providing care to this important group.

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“…High rates of negative mental health outcomes among TGD people are associated with a myriad of social and structural factors that work to impede or promote mental health. The most robust evidence lies in our understanding of how stigma, social exclusion and violence contribute negatively to mental health outcomes among trans people [ 61 , 63 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. For example, Nuttbrock et al [ 73 ] reported a strong association between psychological and physical gender-related abuse and major depression among 571 trans women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Experiences of Mental Health among Trans/Gender Diverse Adults in Michigan

Kattari

Johnson

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Transgender and gender diverse individuals experience high rates of health disparities, as compared with their cisgender (non-transgender) counterparts. One area in which these disparities is most grave is that of mental health, with some studies indicating transgender and gender diverse individuals as having a 40% rate of lifetime suicide attempts and similarly high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. These rates vary further within this population, with differential rates seen across sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability status, education level, and income. This study explores mental health experiences across different social identities, using data from the 2018 Michigan Trans Health Survey (N = 659), a community-based participatory action research project collected in Michigan, United States, analyzed using chi-square tests of independence and logistic regressions. Findings indicate incredibly high rates of mental health concerns; 72.2% had been diagnosed with depression in their lifetime and 73.0% had been diagnosed with anxiety in their lifetime. In the past year, 49.9% had had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) thoughts, 45.4% had suicidal thoughts, 26.3% engaged in NSSI, and 7.7% had attempted suicide. Bivariate regressions showed some nuanced experiences of rates of mental health diagnoses and experiences, such as greater odds of experiencing all mental health disparities among those with disabilities, and differential odds across gender in regard to ever having a depression diagnosis, non-suicidal self-injury thoughts and engaging in non-suicidal self-injury behavior. This indicates a need for social workers, counselors, therapists, and other human services professionals to act more intentionally and with an intersectional lens when it comes to exploring the mental health of transgender and gender diverse persons.

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Understanding How Sexual and Gender Minority Stigmas Influence Depression Among Trans Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men in India

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis

HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis

Impact of COVID-19 on Transgender Women & Hijra: Insights from Gujarat, India

Differential Experiences of Mental Health among Trans/Gender Diverse Adults in Michigan

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Understanding How Sexual and Gender Minority Stigmas Influence Depression Among Trans Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men in India

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis

HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis

Impact of COVID-19 on Transgender Women &amp; Hijra: Insights from Gujarat, India

Differential Experiences of Mental Health among Trans/Gender Diverse Adults in Michigan

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Impact of COVID-19 on Transgender Women & Hijra: Insights from Gujarat, India