Understanding how perceptions of tobacco constituents and the FDA relate to effective and credible tobacco risk messaging: A national phone survey of U.S. adults, 2014–2015

Boynton, Marcella H.; Agans, Robert; Bowling, J. Michael; Brewer, Noel T.; Sutfin, Erin L.; Goldstein, Adam O.; Noar, Seth M.; Ribisl, Kurt M.

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3151-5

Cited by 67 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…From September 2014 to May 2015, we recruited a probability sample of 5014 U.S. adults, including 1164 smokers (Boynton et al, 2016; Brewer et al, 2016). Our paper focuses on an experiment conducted with established cigarette smokers (defined as those who reported smoking “some days” or “every day” and who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be eligible for study participation, adults had to be aged 18 or older and speak English or Spanish. Boynton and colleagues have provided additional details on sampling design, survey methods, and sample characteristics (Boynton et al, 2016). The response rate among adults was 42%, calculated using AAPOR formula 4 (American Association for Public Opinion Research, 2016; Boynton et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How hearing about harmful chemicals affects smokers' interest in dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes

Pepper

Byron

Ribisl

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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Substantial harm could result from concurrent cigarette and e-cigarette use (i.e., dual use) were it to undermine smoking cessation. Perceptions of chemical exposure and resulting harms may influence dual use. We conducted a probability-based phone survey of 1164 U.S. adult cigarette smokers in 2014–2015 and analyzed results in 2016. In a between-subjects experiment, smokers heard a hypothetical scenario in which cigarettes and e-cigarettes had the same amount of harmful chemicals or cigarettes had more chemicals than e-cigarettes (10× more, 100× more, or chemicals were present only in cigarettes). Smokers indicated how the scenario would change their interest in dual use and perceived health harms. Few smokers (7%) who heard that the products have the same amount of chemicals were interested in initiating or increasing dual use. However, more smokers were interested when told that cigarettes have 10× more chemicals than e-cigarettes (31%), 100× more chemicals than e-cigarettes (32%), or chemicals were present only in cigarettes (43%) (all p < .001). Individuals told that cigarettes have more chemicals were more likely than those in the “same amount” scenario to perceive that cigarettes would be more harmful than e-cigarettes (79% vs. 41%, OR = 5.41, 95% CI = 4.08–7.17). These harm perceptions partially explained the relationship between chemical scenario and dual use interest. Smokers associated higher chemical amounts in cigarettes versus e-cigarettes with greater health harms from cigarettes and thus expressed increased interest in dual use. The findings suggest that disclosing amounts of chemicals in cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol could unintentionally encourage dual use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How hearing about harmful chemicals affects smokers' interest in dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes

Pepper

Byron

Ribisl

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To be eligible for study participation, adults had to be 18 years or older and speak English or Spanish. Elsewhere, we provide additional details on sampling design, survey methods and sample characteristics 21. The response rate among adults was 42%, calculated using American Association for Public Opinion Research formula 4 22…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents: three US surveys

et al. 2016

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Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in cigarette smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of cigarette smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in cigarette smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in cigarette smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in cigarette smoke (all p<0.05). Constituents with names that started with a number or ended in ‘ene’ or ‘ine’ were less likely to discourage people from wanting to smoke (all p<0.05). Discussion Many people were unaware that burning the cigarette is the primary source of toxic constituents in cigarette smoke. Constituents that may most discourage cigarette smoking have familiar names, like arsenic and formaldehyde and do not start with a number or end in ene/ine. Our findings may help campaign designers develop constituent messages that discourage smoking.

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“…Additional information on sampling and methodology is available elsewhere (Boynton et al, 2016). Interviewers obtained verbal consent from adult participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social identity and support for counteracting tobacco company marketing that targets vulnerable populations

Baig

Pepper

Morgan

et al. 2017

Social Science & Medicine

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Rationale Tobacco companies use advertising to target vulnerable populations, including youth, racial/ethnic minorities, and sexual minorities. Objective We sought to examine how personal identity affects support for population-specific anti-smoking advertisements that could serve as countermeasures to industry practices. Methods In 2014–2015, we surveyed probability phone samples of adults and adolescents (n = 6,139) and an online convenience sample of adults (n = 4,137) in the United States. We experimentally varied the description of tobacco industry marketing practices (no description, general, or specific to a target group). The four prevention target groups were teens; African Americans; Latinos; and gays, lesbians, and bisexuals (GLBs). Participants were either members or non-members of their prevention target group. Results Support was highest for anti-smoking advertisements targeting teens, moderate for Latinos and African Americans, and lowest for GLBs. In-group members expressed higher support than out-group members when anti-smoking advertisements targeted African Americans, Latinos, and GLBs (all p < .05). However, when teens were the target prevention group, in-group members expressed lower support than out-group members (p < .05). The description of industry marketing practices did not have an effect. Results were similar across the phone and online studies. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the public strongly supports advertisements to prevent smoking among teens, but support for similar efforts among other vulnerable populations is comparatively low. Anti-smoking campaigns for vulnerable populations may benefit from a greater understanding of the role of social identity in shaping public support for such campaigns.

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Understanding how perceptions of tobacco constituents and the FDA relate to effective and credible tobacco risk messaging: A national phone survey of U.S. adults, 2014–2015

Cited by 67 publications

References 36 publications

How hearing about harmful chemicals affects smokers' interest in dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes

How hearing about harmful chemicals affects smokers' interest in dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes

Public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents: three US surveys

Social identity and support for counteracting tobacco company marketing that targets vulnerable populations

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