Understanding How Heart Metabolic Derangement Shows Differential Stage Specificity for Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition defined by structural and functional abnormalities in the heart that gradually result in reduced cardiac output (HFrEF) and/or increased cardiac pressures at rest and under stress (HFpEF). The presence of asymptomatic individuals hampers HF identification, resulting in delays in recognizing patients until heart dysfunction is manifested, thus increasing the chance of poor prognosis. Given the recent advances in metabolomics, in this review we dissect the main alterations occurring in the metabolic pathways behind the decrease in cardiac function caused by HF. Indeed, relevant preclinical and clinical research has been conducted on the metabolite connections and differences between HFpEF and HFrEF. Despite these promising results, it is crucial to note that, in addition to identifying single markers and reliable threshold levels within the healthy population, the introduction of composite panels would strongly help in the identification of those individuals with an increased HF risk. That said, additional research in the field is required to overcome the current drawbacks and shed light on the pathophysiological changes that lead to HF. Finally, greater collaborative data sharing, as well as standardization of procedures and approaches, would enhance this research field to fulfil its potential.

Fabrication and evaluation of silver modified micro/nano structured titanium implant

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Plasma Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Patients Based on UHPLC-MS/MS

“…However, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. The diagnosis of HFpEF relies primarily on symptom evaluation, supplemented by physical examination , instrumental examination and the use of molecular biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides [2]. Nevertheless, most existing biomarker studies for HFpEF diagnosis exhibit a high risk of bias ,limiting their clinical applicability and reproducibility [3].…”

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