Understanding Heavy Metal Stress in Plants Through Mineral Nutrients

Khan, Marga; Aymen, Ummey; Mir, Ashiq Hussain; Tiwari, Anupam; Prasad, Sheo Mohan; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.; Singh, Rachana; Singh’, Simranjeet; Parihar, Parul

doi:10.1201/9781003110576-13

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Heavy metal stress has notable adverse effects on crop productivity and growth [278,279]. Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), and silver (Ag), are present in dispersed form in rock formations, and are considered to be one of the potential threats to crop plant productivity [280,281]. Although all heavy metals are non-biodegradable and immobile, heavy metals can be absorbed by plant root systems via diffusion, endocytosis or through metal transporters [282].…”

Section: Heavy Metal Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Zhuang

Shu

et al. 2023

Molecules

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With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.

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Section: Heavy Metal Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Zhuang

Shu

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…The greatest reduction in carbohydrate content was shown with Cd stress compared to exposure to lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) [ 33 ]. Oxidative stress caused by Cd disrupts important biochemical and physiological processes in plants, which have a negative impact on growth and metabolic processes and accelerate aging [ 34 , 35 ]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage proteins, nucleic acids, and amino acids and cause lipid peroxidation [ 36 – 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd Stress in Fe Deficiency Conditions

Atabayeva

Rakhymgozhina

Nurmahanova

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Due to the environment pollution by cadmium (Cd) near industrial metallurgic factories and the widespread use of phosphorus fertilizers, the problem of toxic Cd effect on plants is well discussed by many authors, but the phytotoxicity of Cd under iron (Fe) deficiency stress has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the work was to study comprehensively the effect of Cd under Fe deficiency conditions on physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters of rice varieties, to identify varietal differences in plant response to the effect of double stress. Relative resistance and sensitivity to the joint effect of Cd and Fe deficiency stress rice varieties have been identified. Double stress decreased a linear growth and biomass accumulation of roots and shoots (by 36-50% and 33-46% and 32-56% and 32-48%, accordingly), content of photosynthetic pigments (Chla, Chlb, and carotenoids by 36-51%, 32-47%, and 64-78%, accordingly), and relative water content (by 18-26%). Proline content increased by 28-103% in all rice varieties, but to a lesser extent in sensitive varieties. The thickness of the lower and upper epidermis and the diameter of vascular bundles of leaves decreased by 18-50%, 46-60%, and 13-48%, accordingly. The thickness of the root endodermis and exodermis and diameter of the central cylinder mainly decreased. The thickness of the exodermis increased slightly by 7%, and the diameter of the central cylinder remained at the control level in resistant Madina variety while in sensitive Chapsari variety, these indicators decreased significantly by 50 and 45%, accordingly. Thus, the aggravation of adverse effect of Cd under Fe deficiency conditions and the varietal specificity of plants’ response to double stress were shown. It creates the need for further study of these rice varieties using Fe to identify mechanisms for reducing the toxic effect of Cd on plants as well as the study of Fe and Cd transporter genes at the molecular level.

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Quantification of Micro and Trace Elements in Tobacco Products Using Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Manjunatha,

Bennal

2024

X-Ray Spectrometry

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The use of tobacco remains a significant public health challenge around the world. Micro and trace elements present in tobacco products pose substantial health risks due to their toxicity and tendency to accumulate in organisms through ingestion or inhalation. This study aims to measure the concentrations of micro and trace elements, including Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Cd, Pb, and Bi in commonly used tobacco‐related products such as chewing tobacco, bidis, and cigarettes in North Karnataka, India. The measurements are conducted using Bruker benchtop S2‐PICOFOX total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) combined with a sample suspension method. This paper provides a comprehensive non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment based on the detected concentration of these elements to evaluate their potential impacts on human health. The results revealed higher concentrations of Cr, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in these products compared with previous studies and WHO/FAO acceptable levels. The hazard index (HI) of all the elements shows < 1, which suggests that non‐carcinogenic effects are not expected. However, Mn showed a notable non‐carcinogenic risk (3.05 × 10−03) compared with other elements. Additionally, the total excess lifetime cancer risk (TELCR) value for Cr (3.77 × 10−06) was near the USEPA limit indicating a carcinogenic health risk. A multivariate statistical approach was used to identify sources and relationships among the trace elements. These findings underline the necessity for stringent regulatory measures to limit the presence of these harmful substances in tobacco products to protect public health.

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Understanding Heavy Metal Stress in Plants Through Mineral Nutrients

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd Stress in Fe Deficiency Conditions

Quantification of Micro and Trace Elements in Tobacco Products Using Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry: A Human Health Risk Assessment

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