Understanding Health Disparities and Inequities Faced by Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

Background There is an increasing interest in the notion of health disparities, inequities and inequalities in Canada and elsewhere. In Canada, individuals with disabilities represent one of six groups identified as particularly vulnerable to health disparities. Method This paper combines the literature related to the concepts of inequity and inequality with the body of knowledge on health disparities faced by individuals with intellectual disabilities. ResultsThe value of distinguishing inequity from inequality, particularly as it relates to the experience of individuals with intellectual disabilities, is highlighted. Conclusions A framework for the study of health inequities based on intellectual impairment is proposed.

Comparing costs and outcomes of supported living with group homes in Australia

“…Many of the problems lie in the failure of the healthcare system to adjust or be responsive to the needs of people with intellectual disability (Ouellette-Kuntz et al, 2005). However, as the current cohort of middle-aged people in the study get older and experience age-related health and physiological changes, the challenges of maintaining good health will increase.…”

Building a Foundation to Reduce Health Inequities: Routine Collection of Sociodemographic Data in Primary Care

“…Other jurisdictions have mandated such data collection. 44 Eight questions were recommended. 45 Within the family medicine department at St. Michael's Hospital, the routine collection of sociodemographic data occurs at all 6 clinic locations.…”

“…[41][42][43] Factors making this population particularly vulnerable to disparities in access (and outcomes) include functional and communication limitations as well as systemic barriers such as inadequate facilities and insufficient training for health care professionals. 41,44 There is considerable evidence that certain intellectual disabilities are associated with higher rates of morbidity and shorter life expectancies compared with people without disabilities. [44][45][46] The multiplicative effect of overlapping social determinants is shown strongly within this group.…”

“…41,44 There is considerable evidence that certain intellectual disabilities are associated with higher rates of morbidity and shorter life expectancies compared with people without disabilities. [44][45][46] The multiplicative effect of overlapping social determinants is shown strongly within this group. For example, Aboriginal people with epilepsy are less likely to see a neurologist but more likely to visit the emergency department or be hospitalized, whereas lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor medication compliance.…”

“…44 All of the options provided under the question on disability were adopted from the OHRC definition of disability. 49 OHRC definitions for each type of disability were linked to the question and could be referenced while completing the survey.…”