Abstract:Women have higher rates of depression and report more depressive symptoms than men, in diverse societies and contexts. Typical explanations make reference to hormonal aspects of being female, and to women's lower social status, which occurs in every culture. However, gender differences are absent or reduced in rural contexts and in non-Western cultures.The current paper sought to contribute to the literature on both gender differences and urban-rural differences in depression with data from a rapidly developin… Show more
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