Understanding flexural, mechanical and physico-chemical properties of gas diffusion layers for polymer membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer systems

Dhanushkodi, Shankar Raman; Capitanio, F.; Biggs, T.; Mérida, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.033

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Instead, we expect to achieve higher porosities in PNs based on the real porous structure, with various heterogeneities of the pore space (see discussions in Section 4 below). Additionally, due to the relatively long throat length applied in our PN, the thickness is greater than the given values in literature [36,55] where the 10 pore rows correspond to a thickness between 170 µm and 300 µm. Independent of this, the PN simulations presented below nicely illustrate the invasion mechanisms that drive the drainage process.…”

Section: D Pnmcs Of Drainagementioning

confidence: 66%

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Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers

et al. 2019

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Pore network models are powerful tools to simulate invasion and transport processes in porous media. They are widely applied in the field of geology and the drying of porous media, and have recently also received attention in fuel cell applications. Here we want to describe and discuss how pore network models can be used as a prescriptive tool for future water electrolysis technologies. In detail, we suggest in a first approach a pore network model of drainage for the prediction of the oxygen and water invasion process inside the anodic porous transport layer at high current densities. We neglect wetting liquid films and show that, in this situation, numerous isolated liquid clusters develop when oxygen invades the pore network. In the simulation with narrow pore size distribution, the volumetric ratio of the liquid transporting clusters connected between the catalyst layer and the water supply channel is only around 3% of the total liquid volume contained inside the pore network at the moment when the water supply route through the pore network is interrupted; whereas around 40% of the volume is occupied by the continuous gas phase. The majority of liquid clusters are disconnected from the water supply routes through the pore network if liquid films along the walls of the porous transport layer are disregarded. Moreover, these clusters hinder the countercurrent oxygen transport. A higher ratio of liquid transporting clusters was obtained for greater pore size distribution. Based on the results of pore network drainage simulations, we sketch a new route for the extraction of transport parameters from Monte Carlo simulations, incorporating pore scale flow computations and Darcy flow.

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Section: D Pnmcs Of Drainagementioning

confidence: 66%

“…The presented method can be easily adapted to the simulation of the real porous structure. According to [55] or [36,46], porosity of the PTL usually varies between 54% and 85%, depending on the kind of the material. Usually, sintered powder has a lower porosity than felt PTLs or foam PTLs.…”

Section: D Pnmcs Of Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers

et al. 2019

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“…[ 9 ] In the current work, it is believed that the carbon source is possibly a mixture of carbon black, hydrophobic dispersion agents (i.e., PTFE), and solvents present in the microporous layer of our carbon fiber substrate. [ 10 ] The HRTEM image and corresponding electron diffraction (FFT: fast Fourier transform) pattern in the inset showed lattice spacings of 0.47 and 0.24 nm, corresponding to the Co 3 O 4 crystal planes (111) and (311), respectively. This confirms that the encapsulated core is Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles, in agreement with the XRD observation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Synthesis of Carbon‐Protected Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles toward Long‐Term Water Oxidation in Acidic Media

Lai

Veeramani

Aguey‐Zinsou

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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The design and development of highly efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in acid media are important for various renewable technologies. Herein, an advanced Co3O4 electrocatalyst supported on a mesoporous hydrophobic carbon paper (Co/29BC) is formed via a simple one‐step thermal decomposition of cobalt nitrate. Through this novel approach, the amorphous carbon layer resulting from the thermal decomposition of carbon‐containing species in the mesoporous layer provides enhanced electronic conduction and protection against corrosion to the Co3O4 nanoparticles. Equally important, the OER performance is found to be correlated with the morphology and surface composition of Co3O4. With optimized Co3+ active sites and oxygen vacancies at the metal oxide surface, the Co3O4 catalyst shows superior OER performance and durability in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer, with a small overpotential (350 mV) at a constant current density of 10 mA cm−1 for over 50 h. Accordingly, this work provides new insights toward the design of high‐performance and highly stable OER electrocatalysts in corrosive acidic environments.

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“…During ultrasonic process, latex particle was extracted from the epoxy to form a porous structure. The lower value means that more latex particle was extracted from the epoxy and formed voids or holes; thus no reinforcing effect is expected [16,17]. As stress applied to the porous epoxy, it cannot be transferred through the voids nor could the voids absorb the energy, and it thus acted as stress concentration point.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Epoxy: Effect of Mixing Sequences (ELH versus EHL) Using Toluene as Extraction Medium via Ultrasonic Technique

Ishak

Teh

Ngoc

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Porous epoxy was fabricated using natural rubber latex (NRL) as the void template. In this study, two mixing sequences were selected: epoxy, hardener, and then latex (EHL) and epoxy, latex, and then hardener (ELH). The extraction process was carried out to extract the latex particles from the cured epoxy sample using toluene as extraction medium with ultrasonic technique for 1 hour. The formation of porous structure in epoxy system is dependent essentially on the amount of latex removed from the epoxy matrix. As expected, the density results showed lower values in the porous epoxy in ELH mixing sequences. More porous structure in epoxy was obtained which was proven by the increasing in porosity % which has led to lowering of the value in dielectric constant which is preferred for electronic packaging application. However, it also caused a decrease in flexural strength and modulus.

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Understanding flexural, mechanical and physico-chemical properties of gas diffusion layers for polymer membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers

Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers

One‐Step Synthesis of Carbon‐Protected Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles toward Long‐Term Water Oxidation in Acidic Media

Porous Epoxy: Effect of Mixing Sequences (ELH versus EHL) Using Toluene as Extraction Medium via Ultrasonic Technique

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Understanding flexural, mechanical and physico-chemical properties of gas diffusion layers for polymer membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers

Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers

One‐Step Synthesis of Carbon‐Protected Co3O4 Nanoparticles toward Long‐Term Water Oxidation in Acidic Media

Porous Epoxy: Effect of Mixing Sequences (ELH versus EHL) Using Toluene as Extraction Medium via Ultrasonic Technique

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Product

Resources

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One‐Step Synthesis of Carbon‐Protected Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles toward Long‐Term Water Oxidation in Acidic Media