“…Participants with CVDs at follow-up had higher levels of several cardiovascular-related biomarkers at baseline (i.e., triglycerides, c-reactive protein, haemoglobin) than those without CVDs, although these were all within the normal range. 31 Likewise, participants with CVD at follow-up had higher levels of liver disease-related biomarkers (i.e., alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase) than those without CVD, although these were also within normal levels [32] at baseline. Similar patterns were observed for kidney disease-related biomarkers (i.e., creatinine and urea), diabetes-related biomarkers (i.e., glycated haemoglobin), and biomarkers related to hormones (i.e., higher for testosterone and lower for insulin-like-growth factor 1 and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate).…”