Understanding experience, knowledge and perceived challenges related to bra fit for sports participation: a scoping review

Haworth, Lauren; Aitkenhead, Robyn; Grecic, David; Chohan, Ambreen

doi:10.1080/15438627.2022.2102922

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“… 35 However, lack of time is reported as one of the top five barriers to decreasing PA among several populations in Africa, North America, Asia, and South America. 47 – 51 Thus, women are at high risk of declining their quality of life due to reduced PA levels. For instance, in California, 143 Latin women aged 40–79 indicated that time constraints prevented them from increasing their PA levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 56 Therefore, it is also probable that physically active women have better choices of S-BRAs that allow them to reduce breast pain and consequently increase their PA levels even more. 48 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mexican women, time constraints were the main reason for reduced PA levels. In addition, women perceived their breasts to be a barrier to PA; therefore, it is imperative to increase breast health knowledge to reduce barriers to PA. 48 Public health initiatives should support attempts to increase breast satisfaction among women of all breast sizes to stimulate engagement in PA throughout their lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breasts as a perceived barrier to physical activity in Mexican women: A cross-sectional study

Valles-Verdugo,

Renteria,

Gómez-Figueroa

et al. 2024

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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Background: Scarce evidence exists on barriers to physical activity in Mexican women. Despite evidence from other countries, no research has investigated the influence of the breast on PA in this population. Objective: To determine the association between the breast and physical activity in Mexican women. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Volunteers were 279 Mexican women from Veracruz, Durango, and Baja California states, who completed a paper survey of their demographics, brassiere characteristics, breast pain, and frequency and amounts of weekly physical activity. Results: The first barrier to physical activity was time constraints, followed by breast-related issues. Breast pain was reported by 47.1% of women, and the breast as a barrier to physical activity participation was reported by 30.6%. Responses, such as “I am embarrassed by excessive breast movement” and “My breasts are too big” were the most frequently reported breast-related barriers to physical activity. Breast pain was associated with the menstrual cycle and exercise. Breast health knowledge and pain intensity were unrelated to moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. The 36.4% and 6.7% of women did not meet weekly moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity guidelines, respectively. Weekly moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity was similar between women reporting breast pain and those who did not. Conclusions: Because the breast was the second most significant barrier to physical activity, it is imperative to increase breast health knowledge in Mexican women to reduce impediments to physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breasts as a perceived barrier to physical activity in Mexican women: A cross-sectional study

Valles-Verdugo,

Renteria,

Gómez-Figueroa

et al. 2024

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] Two of these reviews specifically examine methodology for studying breast biomechanics, while the most recently published review analyzed how bra fit relates to sports participation. [110][111][112] Here, we build on this body of literature by more broadly examining how breasts and bras impact physical activity and performing meta-analyses on how these factors impact breast pain, physical activity levels, and breast biomechanics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Breasts and Bras on Physical Activity Amongst Women and Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gilmer,

Xu,

Franklin

et al. 2024

J Wom Sports Med

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BACKGROUND: Breast motion may cause breast pain in active women, which can negatively impact physical activity. Sports bras are essential pieces of sporting equipment and were designed to help women comfortably participate in sports and engage in physical activity. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to summarize how breasts and bras influence physical activity in women and girls. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by performing electronic searches of PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Title, abstract, and full text screening were performed by two independent reviewers to identify articles investigating how breasts or bras impact physical activity related outcomes in women or girls. We performed meta-analyses to evaluate the effect of (i) breast size, (ii) bra type, and (iii) breast reduction on (i) breast pain, (ii) physical activity level, and (iii) breast biomechanics. Standardized mean differences and pooled standard deviations of outcome measures were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird method. All meta-analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics Software. RESULTS: Of the 323 articles identified, 77 were included in the final analysis. The majority of articles studied participants who were 20-29 years old, identified as white, lived in Western countries, were non-athletes, and weighed between 45-65 kg (BMI: 18.5-29.9), while they were performing a running movement. Very few articles reported household income and ethnicity/race. Key themes investigated by this body of literature were breast biomechanics, breast pain, and physical activity levels. Meta-analyses revealed that women and girls with larger breasts reported more exercise-induced breast pain and experienced greater breast mediolateral velocity and anterior/poster acceleration during physical activity than women and girls with smaller breasts. Meta-analyses revealed that sports bras were associated with less breast pain during physical activity than standard bras. CONCLUSION: This body of literature largely studied a homogenous population, and there is a need for greater inclusion of women and girls who identify with under-represented minorities, with disability, who are post-menopausal, and who are overweight. Factors such as ethnicity/race and household income, were underreported in the literature, and studies of movement patterns beyond running are needed. Mediolateral breast velocity and anterior/posterior breast acceleration may be contributors to breast pain in women and girls with larger breasts, thus these biomechanical outcomes are of particular interest for future research and for consideration in sports bra optimization.

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Breast and Gynecological Disorders in Sport

Wise,

Hrubes

2023

Sideline Management in Sports

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Understanding experience, knowledge and perceived challenges related to bra fit for sports participation: a scoping review

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Breasts as a perceived barrier to physical activity in Mexican women: A cross-sectional study

Breasts as a perceived barrier to physical activity in Mexican women: A cross-sectional study

The Impact of Breasts and Bras on Physical Activity Amongst Women and Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Breast and Gynecological Disorders in Sport

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