Understanding Estonia’s Cyber Support for Ukraine: Building Resilience, Not Status

Abstract

This article explores Estonia’s cyber support for Ukraine following Russia’s invasion in February 2022. Despite its small size, Estonia has significant cyber expertise and has played a pivotal role in safeguarding Ukrainian digital infrastructure and provid- ing cybersecurity support. While Estonian cyber contributions to Ukraine are significant, it initially did not seek or receive interna- tional attention. Estonia is typically vocal in promoting its cyberse- curity and e-governance expertise. This article aims to first explore the impact of Estonia’s cyber support for Ukraine. Second, it aims to understand why Estonia did not try to use this support to bolster its status as a cyber authority. To do this, Estonia’s cyber support is analysed and put into the proper geopolitical context. Interviews with high-ranking Estonian officials were conducted and an analysis of policy output was performed. This article finds that the impor- tance of cybersecurity assistance is not as critical as military assis- tance, which is one reason why Estonia has not (yet) used its cyber assistance as a status opportunity. Although cybersecurity support may be considered secondary to military support, the significance of Estonia’s cybersecurity assistance should not be overlooked. Although Estonia did not pursue status initially, there are some signs that this is beginning to change and Estonia is recognised for its cyber expertise.