Understanding ENSO Diversity

Capotondi, Antonietta; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Newman, Matthew; Lorenzo, Emanuele Di; Yu, Jin‐Yi; Braconnot, Pascale; Cole, Julia E.; Dewitte, Boris; Giese, Benjamin S.; Guilyardi, Éric; Jin, Fei; Karnauskas, Kristopher B.; Kirtman, Benjamín; Lee, Tong; Schneider, Niklas; Xue, Yan; Yeh, Sang‐Wook

doi:10.1175/bams-d-13-00117.1

Cited by 826 publications

(755 citation statements)

References 137 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

710

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Neelin et al 1998), recent research is focused on understanding the diversity among the individual events, for which a popular procedure is to classify these based on whether the maximum SST anomalies are predominantly found in the central or eastern Pacific (see review by Capotondi et al 2015), although this classification is somewhat arbitrary (Takahashi et al 2011). One possibly "true" distinct type of EN could consist of the extreme EN of 1982-83 and1997-98, as they appear to correspond to a different dynamical regime from the rest of EN due to the nonlinear activation of deep convection in the cold eastern Pacific (Takahashi et al 2011;Takahashi and Dewitte 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

dynamics associated with the ITCZs, northerly winds, and the north-south SST asymmetry in the FEP lead to the enhancement of the seasonal cycle that produced this EN event. We propose that the cold conditions in the westerncentral equatorial Pacific, through its teleconnection effects on the FEP, helped destabilize the ITCZ and enhanced the meridional ocean-atmosphere feedback, as well as helping produce the very strong coastal rainfall. This is indicated by the nonlinear relation between the Piura river record at 5°S and the SST difference between the FEP and the westerncentral equatorial Pacific, a stability proxy. In summary, there are two types of EN events with very strong impacts in the FEP, both apparently associated with nonlinear convective feedbacks but with very different dynamics: the very strong warm ENSO events like 1982ENSO events like -1983ENSO events like and 1997ENSO events like -1998, and the very strong "coastal" EN events like 1925.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stochastically forced linear models fitted to observations are able to capture some aspects of the ENSO diversity (e.g. Newman et al 2011b), but linear dynamics alone can not generate the nonlinear relation between the first two dominant statistical modes of equatorial Pacific SST anomalies, which has been proposed to emerge from dual EN regimes, with the 1982EN regimes, with the -1983EN regimes, with the and 1997EN regimes, with the -1998 events corresponding to different dynamics from the other EN (Takahashi et al 2011;Capotondi et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong and moderate nonlinear El Niño regimes

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

nonlinearity could make the EN regimes very sensitive to stochastic forcing. Observations and model agree that the westerly wind stress anomaly in the central equatorial Pacific in late boreal summer has a substantial role determining the EN regime in the following winter and it is suggested that a stochastic component at this time was key for the development of the strong EN towards the end of 1982.

show abstract

“…Although the meridional movement of the WPWP is predominantly controlled by the annual march of solar heating, and only the annual oscillation signal appears most significantly in power spectral analysis (Ho et al 1995;Hu and Hu 2012), it seems worthy further uncovering detailed characteristics of multi-scale variation of the meridional movement of the WPWP with advanced tools, especially when the diversity of El Niño (Yeh et al 2014;Capotondi et al 2015) has received increasing attention over the last decade because of the frequent emergence of the central Pacific El Niño, which is also called dateline El Niño, El Niño Modoki, or warm pool El Niño (Fu et al 1986;Larkin and Harrison 2005;Ashok et al 2007;Kao and Yu 2009;Kug et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale variation of the meridional movement of the western Pacific warm pool and its associated large-scale climate features

Zhou

Yang

Zheng

2016

Theor Appl Climatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we investigated variation of the meridional movement of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP). The variation was measured by the central latitude (Clat) of the WPWP on various time scales. Its relationships with global sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, and atmospheric circulation were examined by applying several advanced statistical methods. First, the techniques of wavelet analysis and least-square adjustment were used to depict the time-frequency features and the mean dominant oscillating time scales of the Clat. Then, a multi-stage filtering technique was applied to illustrate the related dominant oscillating signals. We also examined the time-frequency characteristics of the relationships between Clat and the leading modes of the Indo-Pacific oceans by employing a cross-covariance function analysis and a multiple moving-window method. The physical mechanisms for the relationships between Clat and the patterns of SST, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation were discussed. Results indicated that there is a weakening trend in the oscillation of Clat mainly because the quasi-annual oscillation of Clat increases in January-March and decreases in July-September. The semi-annual oscillation of Clat closely interacts with the westerly wind over the summer hemisphere of the tropical western Pacific Ocean and with the easterly wind over the winter hemisphere of the ocean. The interannual component of Clat corresponds to El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean basin-wide warming or cooling with strengthened oscillations in the 1970s, and the lower-frequency component of Clat closely corresponds to the central Pacific type of El Niño from the 1990s.

show abstract

Understanding ENSO Diversity

Cited by 826 publications

References 137 publications

The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific

The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific

Strong and moderate nonlinear El Niño regimes

Multi-scale variation of the meridional movement of the western Pacific warm pool and its associated large-scale climate features

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About