Understanding emotional display rules at work and outside of work: The effects of country and gender

Moran, Christina M.; Diefendorff, James M.; Greguras, Gary J.

doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9301-x

Cited by 110 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The work environment represents a context where incentives to self‐regulate can be higher than in the home domain because negative norm‐violating behaviors have potentially higher costs when enacted at work (e.g., losing reputation; Moran, Diefendorff, & Greguras, ). Indeed as Wharton and Erickson (, pp.…”

Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily mistrust: A resource perspective and its implications for work and home

Lanaj

Kim

Koopman

et al. 2018

Personnel Psychology

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Mistrust is a daily occurrence at work. Yet little is known about how perceptions of being mistrusted by coworkers may affect employees’ subsequent daily attitudes and behaviors. Indeed, the existing literature on mistrust has overwhelmingly focused on how mistrust affects the trustor (person whose trust is violated) but not the trustee (the mistrusted person). This is problematic because conservation of resources theory (COR) suggests that perceived mistrust is a negative experience likely to affect the mistrusted employees’ subsequent attitudes and behaviors both at work and at home. To investigate this possibility, we conducted an experience sampling study of employees and their significant others over 3 consecutive workweeks. Consistent with COR, day by day perceptions of mistrust increased employees’ emotional exhaustion, consequently leading to withdrawal from colleagues at work and conflict toward their significant other at home. Moreover, supporting self‐enhancement (rather than self‐verification) theory, these effects were stronger when employees perceived mistrust to be high (vs. low) in justification. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this research.

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Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily mistrust: A resource perspective and its implications for work and home

Lanaj

Kim

Koopman

et al. 2018

Personnel Psychology

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show abstract

“…In general, expectations for emotion regulation are stronger and more rigid at work than in other social contexts (Moran, Diefendorff, & Greguras, 2013), yet workplaces vary in the extent to which external controls are in place. A unique aspect of the work context is that motives for regulating emotions can be externalized, due to professional norms and financial consequences, as well as internalized from personal and relational motives.…”

Section: Contextual Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smiling for a Wage: What Emotional Labor Teaches Us About Emotion Regulation

Grandey

2015

Psychological Inquiry

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“…So far, a large number of studies have provided evidence that emotional suppression constitutes the overarching display rule in many countries with a collectivistic orientation (Matsumoto et al, 2008b), including China (Davis et al, 2012), South Korea (Kim and Sherman, 2007), Singapore (Moran et al, 2013), and Japan (Safdar et al, 2009). Unlike more individualismcentered societies in the West, these East Asian cultures have been shown to disregard unfiltered emotional displays, instead promoting the concealment of individual feelings for the sake of the collective social order (Markus and Kitayama, 1991;Matsumoto et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Emotional Display Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saving Face in Front of the Computer? Culture and Attributions of Human Likeness Influence Users' Experience of Automatic Facial Emotion Recognition

Stein

Ohler

2018

Front. Digit. Humanit.

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In human-to-human contexts, display rules provide an empirically sound construct to explain intercultural differences in emotional expressivity. A very prominent finding in this regard is that cultures rooted in collectivism-such as China, South Korea, or Japan-uphold norms of emotional suppression, contrasting with ideals of unfiltered self-expression found in several Western societies. However, other studies have shown that collectivistic cultures do not actually disregard the whole spectrum of emotional expression, but simply prefer displays of socially engaging emotions (e.g., trust, shame) over the more disengaging expressions favored by the West (e.g., pride, anger). Inspired by the constant advancement of affective technology, this study investigates if such cultural factors also influence how people experience being read by emotion-sensitive computers. In a laboratory experiment, we introduce 47 Chinese and 42 German participants to emotion recognition software, claiming that it would analyze their facial micro-expressions during a brief cognitive task. As we actually present standardized results (reporting either socially engaging or disengaging emotions), we manipulate participants' impression of having matched or violated culturally established display rules in a between-subject design. First, we observe a main effect of culture on the cardiovascular response to the digital recognition procedure: Whereas Chinese participants quickly return to their initial heart rate, German participants remain longer in an agitated state. A potential explanation for this-East Asians might be less stressed by sophisticated technology than people with a Western socialization-concurs with recent literature, highlighting different human uniqueness concepts across cultural borders. Indeed, while we find no cultural difference in subjective evaluations of the emotion-sensitive computer, a mediation analysis reveals a significant indirect effect from culture over perceived human likeness of the technology to its attractiveness. At the same time, violations of cultural display rules remain mostly irrelevant for participants' reaction; thus, we argue that inter-human norms for appropriate facial expressions might be loosened if faces are read by computers, at least in settings that are not associated with any social consequence.

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Understanding emotional display rules at work and outside of work: The effects of country and gender

Cited by 110 publications

References 55 publications

Daily mistrust: A resource perspective and its implications for work and home

Daily mistrust: A resource perspective and its implications for work and home

Smiling for a Wage: What Emotional Labor Teaches Us About Emotion Regulation

Saving Face in Front of the Computer? Culture and Attributions of Human Likeness Influence Users' Experience of Automatic Facial Emotion Recognition

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