Understanding Electrolyte Infilling of Lithium Ion Batteries

Sauter, Christina; Zahn, Raphael; Wood, Vanessa

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab9bfd

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Incomplete filling of 3D architecture electrodes with solid‐state electrolytes not only reduces the utilization efficiency of the electrochemically active materials, but also adversely impacts the electrode lifespan and safety. [ 131–134 ] For MBs in particular, incomplete filling of electrolytes causes formation of a non‐uniform SEI layer in the 3D architecture electrodes, which further induces electrolyte consumption, reduced Coulombic efficiency, or metal dendrite formation. Therefore, 3D architecture electrodes should have sufficiently high wettability to ensure complete filling of solid‐state electrolytes in all electrode voids.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Insights into 3D Architecture Electrodes for Micropower Sources

2021

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Microbatteries (MBs) and microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are primary on‐chip micropower sources that drive autonomous and stand‐alone microelectronic devices for implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the performance of conventional MBs and MSCs is restricted by their 2D thin‐film electrode design, and these devices struggle to satisfy the increasing IoT energy demands for high energy density, high power density, and long lifespan. The energy densities of MBs and MSCs can be improved significantly through adoption of a 2D thick‐film electrode design; however, their power densities and lifespans deteriorate with increased electrode thickness. In contrast, 3D architecture electrodes offer remarkable opportunities to simultaneously improve MB and MSC energy density, power density, and lifespan. To date, various 3D architecture electrodes have been designed, fabricated, and investigated for MBs and MSCs. This review provides an update on the principal superiorities of 3D architecture electrodes over 2D thick‐film electrodes in the context of improved MB and MSC energy density, power density, and lifespan. In addition, the most recent and representative progress in 3D architecture electrode development for MBs and MSCs is highlighted. Finally, present challenges are discussed and key perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.

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Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Insights into 3D Architecture Electrodes for Micropower Sources

2021

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“…The incomplete filling was studied by quasi‐static infilling simulations on 3D reconstructions of the separator structure, and up to 30% gas entrapment upon infilling due to the geometry of the separator led to a reduction of effective transport by >40%. [ 148 ] The capillary pressure curves showing imbibition and drainage together with gas entrapment at the two scenarios are shown in Figure a–c, and in both two cases, the ECA is reduced. [ 148 ] By varying the volumetric factors of electrolyte or the electrolyte quantity, the capacity and capacity retention of lithium‐ion batteries were investigated (as shown in Figure 20d).…”

Section: Transforming Materials Into Practicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 148 ] The capillary pressure curves showing imbibition and drainage together with gas entrapment at the two scenarios are shown in Figure a–c, and in both two cases, the ECA is reduced. [ 148 ] By varying the volumetric factors of electrolyte or the electrolyte quantity, the capacity and capacity retention of lithium‐ion batteries were investigated (as shown in Figure 20d). [ 149 ] It was found that too little electrolyte leads to a loss of capacity and lifetime, whereas too much electrolyte reduces the energy density.…”

Section: Transforming Materials Into Practicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hou

Yang

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Although tremendous efforts have been devoted into research and development of materials science and engineering, chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state physics in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) over the last 30 years, the critical technologies and applied science underneath manufacturing and processing seem very seldom reported, which is further manifested by the realization of the gap between academy and industry within recent years. In this paper, the intrinsic relationship of materials‐processing‐performance is highlighted by thoroughly reviewing the bridge effect of processing, transport, and transfer at different scales across electrode, heterogeneous thermodynamics, and kinetics during charge‐discharge cycles, the tradeoff between areal capacity and rate performance, and some practical novel electrode designs. Based on very limited open literature, the fundamental basics and sciences of the state of art production steps including slurry mixing, coating, drying, calendering, electrolyte filling, and formatting are comprehensively discussed. Through correlating with the materials design and development, the electrode compositions and structures, and the bridge effect of processing, the in‐depth understanding of the importance of individual steps and their interactions are provided to shed light on further improvement on materials and manufacturing for LIBs.

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“…The homogeneous and complete soaking of the porous active mass layer of each electrode is essential for cell quality. An insufficient wetting might deteriorate cell performance and contribute to the formation of dendrites and thus cell damage [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the wettability of graphite-based lithium-ion battery anodes by selective laser surface modification using low energy nanosecond pulses

Kleefoot

Enderle

Sandherr

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The electrolyte filling process of battery cells is one of the time-critical bottlenecks in cell production. Wetting is of particular importance here, since only completely wetted electrode sections are working. In order to accelerate and facilitate this process, the authors of this study developed a method to significantly increase the wettability of graphite-based anodes by a laser surface modification using low energy nanosecond laser pulses. The anode surface microstructure was evaluated by means of white-light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. The assessment of wettability was done by drop test and capillary rise test of the liquid electrolyte. The results show that there is a predominantly selective ablation process for laser energy inputs below 2 J/m by which the graphite active material remains unaffected and the binder material is decomposed. The observed increase in surface roughness correlates with the increasing wettability. Investigations using Raman spectroscopy showed that laser treatment leads to a damage on the crystalline structure of the graphite particle surface. However, treating an entire anode including 6 wt% binder and conductive carbon black has shown that the overall amorphous content of the anodes surface can be reduced by 32% through treating the surface with a laser energy of 1.29 J/m. Up to that point, which is the resulting parameter range for the selective process, it is possible to ablate the amorphous binder and carbon black phase coevally exposing graphite particles while keeping their crystalline structure. Exceeding that range, ablation of the whole anode composite dominates and amorphization of the graphite surface occurs. The electrode’s capacity was tested on half-cells in coin cell format. For the whole laser parameter range investigated, the anodes capacity matches the mass loss caused by laser ablation. No additional capacity loss was observed due to amorphization of the exterior graphite particle’s surface.

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Understanding Electrolyte Infilling of Lithium Ion Batteries

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Updated Insights into 3D Architecture Electrodes for Micropower Sources

Updated Insights into 3D Architecture Electrodes for Micropower Sources

Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Enhancement of the wettability of graphite-based lithium-ion battery anodes by selective laser surface modification using low energy nanosecond pulses

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