Understanding Drivers of Changes in Green Space Assessments: Focusing on the Green Flag Award

Abstract

Background and objective: The benefits of green spaces are starting to be recognized, particularly after the emergence of COVID-19. However, only well-managed green spaces deliver positive benefits. To maintain green spaces, various assessment tools have been developed. The Green Flag Award (GFA), which is the UK’s national audit tool, is focused on the structure and criteria of green spaces assessment. However, we do not know about the changes that drive our understandings of well-managed green spaces, impacts of the GFA, or changes in other assessment tools. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the changes that drive the development of green space assessment tools, with a focus on the GFA, to deliver a framework for the long-term management of these spaces.Methods: This study employed the Protocol and Reporting result with Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis (PSALSAR) and Develop frameworks, as well as the assessment-focused place-keeping analytical framework. The PSALSAR framework was used to ensure accuracy, systematisation, exhaustiveness, and reproducibility. The assessment-focused place-keeping analytical framework was employed to understand the contribution of green space assessment tools in the long-term management of these spaces.Results: First, well-managed green spaces (GS) were positively associated with quality of life, which is a widely known fact. However, the approach to managing GS in the long term is a key issue. Second, the GFA had great impacts on the ability to manage GS well by providing developed domains and reflecting contemporary GS issues. Third, drivers of GS assessment tools include the persistence and importance of conventional maintenance, emphasis on accessibility by expanding practical boundaries, the inevitability of enhancing community involvement, and diversity of involvement in the judging process. Lastly, assessment-focused, place-keeping analytical frameworks imply that approaches to long-term management should be contextualised based on policy, funding, governance, partnership, and maintenance.Conclusion: Understanding changes that drive GS assessment and its association with GS management should be prioritised. This study concludes that approaches to GS assessment should be framed in the context of long-term management, underscored by understanding contemporary GS issues.

An Analysis on the Long-term Management of Urban Tree Carbon Reduction ‘Forestry Inventory Analysis’ towards Climate Change Adaptation

“…Representative studies are Dempsey and Burton (2012) and Nam and Dempsey (2019a, 2019b, which have been commonly applied for the analytical framework to establish a long-term process for public places and park afforestation. The process has been widely applied in South Korea, from programme analysis for park regeneration to landscape management processes for island areas (Nam and Oh, 2020), system analysis for park planning and management (Shim and Jo, 2016), community program analysis for fine-dust reduction , and trend analysis for park afforestation evaluation (Cho and Nam, 2022). Similarly, in this study the PKAF was applied based on the fact that it was first used for the FIA program to highlight the importance of investigation and monitoring in the Organic Administrative Act in 1897 and that it was subsequently evaluated as a long-term, successful model.…”