Understanding cutting maneuvers – The mechanical consequence of preparatory strategies and foot strike pattern

David, Sina; Mundt, Marion; Komnik, Igor; Potthast, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2018.10.005

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…With regard to anticipation, 12 studies [ 34 , 36 , 38 , 48 , 51 , 53 , 55 – 58 , 60 , 61 ] adopted a pre-planned cut, with eight [ 35 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 54 ] utilising unplanned cuts; three studies [ 31 , 52 , 59 ] examined both pre-planned and unplanned cuts. Regarding the approach velocity of tasks, five studies adopted a maximum effort approach [ 34 , 56 , 57 , 60 , 61 ], with four utilising a self-selected pace [ 35 , 40 , 50 , 55 ]. Seven studies utilised approach velocity windows [ 36 , 37 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 58 ] ranging from 3.5–4.5 m/s [ 54 ] to 5.5–7.0 m/s [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework

et al. 2020

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Background Cutting actions are associated with non-contact ACL injuries in multidirectional sports due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) that have the capacity to increase ACL loading and strain. Numerous studies have investigated the biomechanical determinants of KJLs in cutting tasks. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively review the literature regarding biomechanical determinants of KJLs during cutting, in order to develop a cutting technical framework alongside training recommendations for practitioners regarding KJL mitigation. Methods Databases (SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and PubMed) were systematically searched using a combination of the following terms: “Biomechanical determinants”, or “Knee abduction moment”, or “Technical determinants”, or “Knee loading”, or “Knee loads”, or “Mechanical determinants”, or “ACL strain”, or “Knee adduction moment”, or “Anterior tibial shear”, or “Knee internal rotation moment”, or “Knee valgus moment” AND “Change of direction”, or “Cutting manoeuvre”, or “Run and cut”, or “Run-and-cut”, or “Sidestepping”, or “Side-stepping”, or “Shuttle run”. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies examining a cutting task < 110° with a preceding approach run that examined biomechanical determinants of KJLs using three-dimensional motion analysis. Results The search returned 6404 possibly eligible articles, and 6 identified through other sources. Following duplicate removal, 4421 titles and abstracts were screened, leaving 246 full texts to be screened for inclusion. Twenty-three full texts were deemed eligible for inclusion and identified numerous determinants of KJLs; 11 trunk, 11 hip, 7 knee, 3 multiplanar KJLs, 5 foot/ankle and 7 identifying ground reaction forces (GRFs) as determinants of KJLs. Conclusion Using the framework developed from the results, cutting KJLs can be mitigated through the following: reducing lateral foot-plant distances, thus lowering hip abduction and orientating the foot closer to neutral with a mid-foot or forefoot placement strategy; minimising knee valgus and hip internal rotation angles and motion at initial contact (IC) and weight acceptance (WA); avoiding and limiting lateral trunk flexion and attempt to maintain an upright trunk position or trunk lean into the intended direction; and finally, reducing GRF magnitude during WA, potentially by attenuation through increased knee flexion and emphasising a greater proportion of braking during the penultimate foot contact (PFC).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scores ranged from 6 (33%) [ 35 ] to 16 (88%) [ 60 ]. Eleven studies were below this mean score [ 35 , 36 , 38 , 49 – 51 , 54 – 56 , 58 , 61 ], with 12 studies presenting methodological quality greater than the mean [ 31 , 34 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework

et al. 2020

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“…These actions usually open up clear scoring opportunities [37,38] or allow the player to have a better position to shoot, unmark, pass or score [39]. The development of individualized training drills considering these external load variables should be addressed by the coaches and technical staff of professional teams in order to prepare not only their physical and technical abilities to face this type of actions but also to prevent potential injuries [40]. Besides, this type of variables may be included in future studies that analyze soccer performance or team players workload [28].…”

Section: Lateralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of playing position and laterality in centripetal force and changes of direction in elite soccer players

et al. 2020

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The purpose of the present study was to: (a) assess centripetal force (CentF) and changes of direction (COD) in elite soccer players according to playing position (central defender, CD; lateral defender, LD; central midfielder, CM; lateral midfielder, LM; forward, FW), laterality (right-footed vs. left-footed) and field zone (central vs. lateral), and (b) analyze the relationship between anthropometric characteristics (age, weight, height, body mass and fat mass) and non-linear locomotion workload. Thirty professional soccer players (age: 26.57±5.56 years) were tracked during the 2017-2018 season during friendly, national and international matches (38 total games) using inertial measurement devices. CentF and COD were the variables extracted for analysis. A one-way ANOVA was used for playing position comparison, a t-test for laterality and field zone, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to analyze relationships between anthropometric characteristics and dependent variables. There were differences by playing position in COD (556.33-to-412.18), R 20 COD (484.36-to-354.81) and R 60 COD (48.38-to-38.61) (p < .01; ω p 2 = 0.03-to-0.05; CD>CM>LD>LM = FW); in COD HIA (49.75-to-37.11), R 20 COD HIA (16.04-to-9.11) and R 60 COD HIA (10.64-to-9.11) (p < .01; ω p 2 = 0.03-to-0.07; CM>FW>LM>CD = LD); in COD SPRINT (14.56-to-8.40) and R 20 COD SPRINT (3.29-to-1.40) (p < .01; ω p 2 = 0.03-to-0.04; FW = LM = CM>CD = LD); and in CentF MAX both in clockwise (992.04-to-902.09N) and counterclockwise (999.24-to-872.61N) directions (p < .02; ω p 2 = 0.02-to-0.07; FW = CD>CM = LM = LD). The highest values of counterclockwise CentF were performed by left-footed players in the central zone (p < .001; d = 0.71-to-1.44) and clockwise CentF by right-footed players (p < .001; d = 0.04-to-0.55) in the lateral field zone. Moderate correlations were found between age, body mass and high intensity/sprints COD and repeated COD ability (p < .05; r = 0.235-to-0.383). Therefore, team staff should consider anthropometric characteristics, playing position, laterality and field zone to individualize training workload related to non-linear locomotion in soccer.

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“…Delayed coordination of movement during an unplanned SS means flight‐phase trunk momentum may produce the frontal‐plane trunk movement required to change direction, and thereby impact whole‐body center of mass and valgus moments. Recent research has identified preparatory trunk postures which may increase ACL injury risk, however, no statistical associations with ACL injury risk measures were reported. Therefore, biomechanists are currently limited in the recommendations they can give to athletes to reduce ACL injury risk during sidestepping through changes to their preparatory movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

By failing to prepare, you are preparing your anterior cruciate ligament to fail

Staynor

Alderson

Byrne

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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There is strong evidence linking an athlete's movement technique during sidestepping with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, it is unclear how these injurious postures are influenced by prior movement. We aim to describe preparatory trunk and thigh kinematics at toe‐off of the penultimate‐step and flight‐phase angular momenta, and explore their associations with frontal‐plane risk factors during unplanned sidestepping maneuvers. We analyzed kinematic and kinetic data of 33 male Australian Football players performing unplanned sidestepping tasks (103 trials). Linear mixed models tested for reliable associations between ACL injury risk during weight acceptance of the execution‐step, with preparatory kinematics and angular momenta of the trunk and thigh during the penultimate‐step. Multi‐planar flight‐phase trunk momenta along with hip abduction angle at penultimate‐step toe‐off were significantly associated with peak knee valgus moments during the execution‐step (R2 = .21, P < .01). Execution‐step trunk lateral flexion was significantly predicted by frontal and sagittal‐plane preparatory trunk positioning at toe‐off of the penultimate‐step (R2 = .44, P < .01). Multi‐planar flight‐phase trunk momenta as well as multi‐planar trunk and hip positioning at penultimate‐step toe‐off were associated with hip abduction during the execution‐step (R2 = .53, P < .01). Preparatory positioning of the trunk and hip, along with flight‐phase trunk momentum adjusting this positioning are linked to known ACL injury risk factors. We recommend that during the penultimate‐step athletes maintain an upright trunk, as well as minimize frontal‐plane trunk momentum and transverse‐plane trunk momentum toward the sidestep direction to reduce risk of ACL injury during unplanned sidesteps.

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Understanding cutting maneuvers – The mechanical consequence of preparatory strategies and foot strike pattern

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework

Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework

Influence of playing position and laterality in centripetal force and changes of direction in elite soccer players

By failing to prepare, you are preparing your anterior cruciate ligament to fail

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