Abstract. Railways need to be safe and, at the same time, should offer high capacity. While the notion of safety is well understood in the railway domain, the meaning of capacity is understood only on an intuitive and informal level. In this study, we show how to define and analyse capacity in a rigorous way. Our modelling approach builds on an established modelling technique in the process algebra Csp for safety alone, provides an integrated view on safety as well as capacity, and offers proof support in terms of (untimed) model checking.