Understanding complex systems: Using interaction as a measure of emergence

Szabo, Claudia; Teo, Yong Meng; Chengleput, Gautam K.

doi:10.1109/wsc.2014.7019889

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, many works are inspired from Aristotle's definition: "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts". An emergent property can be defined as "a property of an assemblage that could not be predicted by examining the components individually [10,12]. Paul Teller [1,8] said: "a property of a whole is an emergent property of a whole when it is not reducible to the nonrelational properties of the parts ".…”

Section: Definitions Of Emergent Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal Verification of Emergent Properties

Boumaza¹,

Tolba²,

Ober³

2021

IJCAI

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Complex systems and systems of systems (SoS) are systems characterized by the interconnection of a large number of components or sub-systems. The complexity of such systems increases with the number of components and their manner of connectivity. The global behaviour of complex systems and SoS exhibits some properties that cannot be predicted by analysing components or sub-systems in isolation. The verification of these properties called "emergent properties" is considered a crucial issue when engineering such systems. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview and verify emergent properties. In a first step, we have taken the blinker and the traffic light of the game of life as examples to verify emergence by using refinement techniques; in a second step, since the refinement is not straightforward, we have taken another example, the Boids model, and by using timed automata and UPPAAL model checking techniques, we have been able to simulate and verify emergent properties.Povzetek: Prispevek podaja pregled emergentnih lastnosti v kompleksnih sistemih.

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Section: Definitions Of Emergent Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal Verification of Emergent Properties

Boumaza¹,

Tolba²,

Ober³

2021

IJCAI

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“…These elements interact locally–each one is connected, directly or indirectly, with other elements. This enables the elements and the associated structures to change, evolve, or adapt to particular environments or problems, giving rise to complex system dynamics [ 14 ]. These dynamics are influenced by many factors, like number of elements and their interaction patterns, the organizational structure of the system (e.g., groups, hierarchies), or feedback loops.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butterfly Effect in Chaotic Image Segmentation

Marginean

Andreica

Dioşan

et al. 2020

Entropy

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The exploitation of the important features exhibited by the complex systems found in the surrounding natural and artificial space will improve computational model performance. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to use cellular automata as a tool simulating complexity, able to bring forth an interesting global behaviour based only on simple, local interactions. We show that, in the context of image segmentation, a butterfly effect arises when we perturb the neighbourhood system of a cellular automaton. Specifically, we enhance a classical GrowCut cellular automaton with chaotic features, which are also able to improve its performance (e.g., a Dice coefficient of 71% in case of 2D images). This enhanced GrowCut flavor (referred to as Band-Based GrowCut) uses an extended, stochastic neighbourhood, in which randomly-selected remote neighbours reinforce the standard local ones. We demonstrate the presence of the butterfly effect and an increase in segmentation performance by numerical experiments performed on synthetic and natural images. Thus, our results suggest that, by having small changes in the initial conditions of the performed task, we can induce major changes in the final outcome of the segmentation.

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“…The emergent properties of a system have been noticed as early as in the fourth century BC, when Aristotle stated that the "whole is something beside the parts [13]." Interest in this emergent property of a system resurged in the form of modern emergence theory in recent years in a wide range of disciplines, such as evolutionary biology, complexity science, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and others [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Since ilities are one of the emergent properties of engineering systems, characteristics and usage of ilities may also be studied with emergence theory.…”

Section: Characterization and Scope Of Ilities In Systems Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Using Ilities of Non-Functional Properties for Subsystems and Components

Lee

Collins

2017

Systems

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Abstract:The use of ilities for systems engineering of subsystems and components is investigated. Prior work on ilities has emphasized or restricted their application to system level, non-functional properties. The premise of this work is that ilities can be applied with benefit, and in some cases out of necessity, to lower levels of systems as well. The veracity of this premise is established by providing examples that demonstrate how some ilities are passed and used as a non-functional property of electrical and structural subsystems in aircraft. It is further demonstrated that flowing ilities down to the subsystem level is not only a useful practice for systems engineers, it can also be an essential step to ensure that customer needs are actually met by the system under design or service. Systems engineers often lack the detailed knowledge of the subsystems or components required to translate ilities into functional requirements. Thus, the system ilities are passed down and translated from non-functional to functional requirements by subject matter experts. We first discuss the definition, characteristics and scope of ilities. Then, we formulate the application of ilities at a subsystem level. Next, we show aircraft engineering examples for ilities applications. The application process is formalized with diagrams, and ilities' relation to system architecture engineering is discussed. The work concludes with a summary and suggestions for future work.

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Understanding complex systems: Using interaction as a measure of emergence

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Formal Verification of Emergent Properties

Formal Verification of Emergent Properties

Butterfly Effect in Chaotic Image Segmentation

On Using Ilities of Non-Functional Properties for Subsystems and Components

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