“…First, genetic variation for traits under selection needs to be abundant, and population size sufficiently large, to sustain population growth during environmental change (Bürger & Lynch, 1995; Lande & Shannon, 1996). Whether or not fitness-related traits typically harbour sufficient genetic variation to permit the rapid evolution that climate change demands is under debate (Angert et al, 2020; Bonnet et al, 2022; Kokko et al, 2017; Lancaster et al, 2022) and will likely differ between traits and the type of environmental change imposed (Agrawal & Whitlock, 2010; Caruso et al, 2017; null Hoffmann & Merilä, 1999; Rowinski & Rogell, 2017). While male reproductive traits can evolve rapidly (Haerty et al, 2007; Swanson & Vacquier, 2002), recent studies indicate that the evolutionary potential of thermal tolerance is limited (Castañeda et al, 2019; Debes et al, 2021; Kellermann & Heerwaarden, 2019; Morgan et al, 2020; Zwoinska et al, 2020).…”