Understanding child executive functioning through use of the Bornstein specificity principle

Yu, Dian; Yang, Pei-Jung; Michaelson, Laura; Geldhof, G. John; Chase, Paul A.; Gansert, Patricia K.; Osher, David; Berg, Juliette; Tyler, Corine P.; Gonçalves, Carolina; Park, Yerin; Cade, Whitney; Theokas, Christina; Cantor, Pamela; Lerner, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101240

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For example, the components of self-regulation, of other-related social-emotional capacities and skills, or executive control would be assessed. Yu et al (2021) illustrated this step in assessing the components of executive functioning among youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Positive Attributes of Character: On the Embodiment of Specificity, Holism, and Self-System Processes

Lerner¹,

Bornstein²,

Jervis³

2021

Human Development

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Positive character involves a system of mutually beneficial relations between individual and context that coherently vary across ontogenetic time and enable individuals to engage the social world as moral agents. We present ideas about the development of positive character attributes using three constructs associated with relational developmental systems (RDS) metatheory: the specificity of mutually beneficial individual<-->context dynamics across time and place; holistic integration of dynamic processes of an individual with both context and all cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes; and integration of the character-system with other facets of the self-system. These features of RDS-based ideas coalesce on the embodiment of positive character development. We discuss the need for more robust interrogation of embodied features of the character development system by suggesting that coaction of morphological/physiological processes with cultural processes become part of a program of the integrated individual<-->contextual processes involved in the description, explanation, and optimization of positive character attribute development. We discuss moments of programmatic research that should be involved in this interrogation and point to the potential contribution of theory-predicated research about the embodied development of positive character attributes of to enhancing the presence of moral agency and social justice in the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Positive Attributes of Character: On the Embodiment of Specificity, Holism, and Self-System Processes

Lerner¹,

Bornstein²,

Jervis³

2021

Human Development

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“…The present study focuses on a subset of measures administered as part of the larger Methods and Measures across the Developmental Continuum (MMDC) initiative (for additional information, see Yu et al, 2020 andYu et al, 2021). The full MMDC project included a sample of partici-pants recruited from elementary, middle, and high school classrooms across the United States, including communities in Boston, MA, Austin, TX, O'Donnell, TX, and Washington, DC.…”

Section: Methods Sample and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraindividual fluctuations in sleep predict subsequent goal setting in adolescents

Michaelson

Berg

Cade

et al. 2022

jpor

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The purpose of this study was to investigate within- and between-person associations between sleep and subsequent goal setting in adolescents. We conducted an intensive repeated measures longitudinal study to assess intra- and interindividual associations between sleep and goal setting and potential moderators of such associations. Thirty-nine seventh through 12th graders reported on their sleep quality and propensity to set goals in their daily lives several times per week for approximately four months. We used a combination of multilevel modeling with time-varying covariates and centering techniques to partition within- and between-person variance. We found significant and positive associations between sleep and goal setting within individuals, but no such associations between individuals. That is, students were more likely to set goals for their work after getting a good night’s sleep relative to their own average sleep quality, but getting good sleep on average relative to other individuals showed no association with average goal setting. These relationships were not moderated by participant age, gender, or sociodemographic status as indexed by maternal education. Differences in average sleep between adolescents matters less for their propensity to set goals than whether they experienced better- or worse-than-usual sleep the previous night given their own average. This finding represents the first evidence documenting effects of sleep on goal setting, which is an important psychological precursor to many youth behavioral and achievement outcomes. Our findings highlight the individuality of sleep needs and point to new directions for sleep-related practice and policy aimed at youth.

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“…Some labbased experimental studies of EFs suggest that lab-induced affect, such as anxiety or pleasant mood, can lead to changes in EF performance, suggesting that such variation reflects fluctuations in EFs during a short period of time (Katzir et al, 2010;Lindström & Bohlin, 2012;Oaksford et al, 1996;Phillips et al, 2002). Studies using repeated assessments have also documented meaningful within-person fluctuations in EF in naturalistic settings (Brose et al, 2010(Brose et al, , 2012(Brose et al, , 2015Gamaldo et al, 2010;Könen et al, 2015;Kramer et al, 2020;Neubauer et al, 2019;Schmiedek et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2020Yu et al, , 2021. Identifying factors in the context or the person that coact with fluctuations in EF can provide information for optimization EF on a daily basis.…”

Section: Within-person Fluctuations In Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The short DCCS task primarily measures the cognitive flexibility component of EF (Yu et al, 2021;Zelazo et al, 2013). Participants were asked to select between two cards that matched a target object either by color or shape.…”

Section: Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Prior Night’s Sleep Impact Next Day’s Executive Functioning? It Depends on an Individual’s Average Sleep Quality

Gonçalves

Yang

et al. 2022

jpor

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Executive functioning (EF) is a series of fundamental goal-directed cognitive abilities that enable effective learning. Differences in daily sleep quality may covary with fluctuations in EF among youth. Most studies linking sleep to EF rely on between-person differences and average effects for the sample. This study employed an intensive longitudinal design and examined the within-person relations between self-reported prior night’s sleep quality and next day’s EF. Students from Grades 4 to 12 (M age= 14.60, SD = 2.53) completed three behavioral EF tasks repeatedly across approximately one semester. The final analytic sample included 2898 observations embedded in 73 participants. Although, on average, sleep did not significantly covary with EF, there was heterogeneity in within-person sleep-EF relations. Moreover, individuals’ average sleep quality moderated within-person effects. For individuals with low mean sleep quality, a better-than-usual sleep quality was linked to better EF performance. However, for individuals with high mean sleep quality, better-than-usual sleep quality was linked to worse EF performance. Understanding person-specific relations between sleep and EF can help educators optimize EF and learning on a daily basis and produce positive academic outcomes across longer time periods.

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Understanding child executive functioning through use of the Bornstein specificity principle

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

The Development of Positive Attributes of Character: On the Embodiment of Specificity, Holism, and Self-System Processes

The Development of Positive Attributes of Character: On the Embodiment of Specificity, Holism, and Self-System Processes

Intraindividual fluctuations in sleep predict subsequent goal setting in adolescents

Does Prior Night’s Sleep Impact Next Day’s Executive Functioning? It Depends on an Individual’s Average Sleep Quality

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