Understanding care and feeding practices: building blocks for a sustainable intervention in India and Pakistan

Abstract

Undernutrition and inadequate stimulation both negatively influence child health and development and have a long-term impact on school attainment and income. This paper reports data from India and Pakistan looking at how families interact, play with, and feed children; their expectations of growth and development; and the perceived benefits, consequences, opportunities, and barriers of adopting recommended feeding and developmental behaviors. These data were collected as part of formative research for the Sustainable Program Incorporating Nutrition and Games (SPRING) trial. This trial aims to deliver an innovative, feasible, affordable, and sustainable intervention that can achieve delivery at a scale of known effective interventions that maximize child development, growth, and survival and improve maternal psychosocial well-being in rural India and Pakistan.

Systematic review of infant and young child complementary feeding practices in South Asian families: the India perspective

“…Delhi (33,43,47,57,58,70,81,87,100,105) Madhya (69,106) Mangalore (80,102) Haryana (75,86) Rajasthan (52) Gujarat (28,64) Kashmir (38) Ludhiana (53) Himachal (82) Uttarakhand (48,61,77) Uttar Pradesh (36,60,71,98,103) Assam (41,104) Bihar (55,83) West Bengal (30,56,84) Odisha (Orissa) (76,78) Andhra Pradesh (42,74) Maharashtra (27,35,39,50,(66)(67)(68)101) Karnataka (44,(45...…”

“…Twenty-seven studies described advice providers for CFP, of which nine had overall WOE = H and eighteen had overall WOE = M. The commonest source of feeding advice were health-care professionals, including doctors, auxillary nurse midwives, lady health visitors and anganwadi health workers, usually at antenatal visits or during immunizations (twenty-one studies (26,35,38,45,46,50,51,(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)60,61,64,66,68,(77)(78)(79)(80) ). The next most common source of advice was a family member, usually the grandmother or mother-in-law (eleven studies (26,35,45,46,48,52,54,55,60,67,81) ), with nine further studies specifically mentioning elders (35,40,42,45,51,61,66,77,79) . Further sources of feeding advice were the media (four studies (31,35,38,45) ) and friends (three studies…”

“…These are summarized in Table 5 as either a barrier or a promoter, and sub-categorized as acting at either family or organizational level. Due to conflicting study findings, Grains, roots and tubers Thirty-one studies (26)(27)(28)(29)31,34,36,37,40,42,43,(45)(46)(47)(48)50,(52)(53)(54)56,60,64,68,71,79,80,(82)(83)(84)86,106)…”

“…Twenty-nine studies (26)(27)(28)(29)31,34,37,40,43,(45)(46)(47)(48)50,(52)(53)(54)56,60,64,68,69,79,80,(82)(83)(84)86,106) Dairy products (e.g. milk, cheese, yoghurt) Twenty-six studies (26)(27)(28)31,34,36,37,(41)(42)(43)(45)(46)(47)49,50,53,54,60,64,68,71,77,79,…”

Assessment of WHO ten steps towards successful breastfeeding among postpartum mothers in Karaikal: A hospital based cross-sectional study

“…15 This disparity is probably due to different level of awareness and training among health care staffs about WHO ten steps to successful breastfeeding.…”