Understanding biodiversity effects on prey in multi‐enemy systems

Casula, Paolo; Wilby, Andrew; Thomas, Matthew B.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00945.x

Cited by 117 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Another possibility is that the increase in the volume of water also leads to an increase in the occurrence of predators such as Coenagrionidae (Odonata) and Veliidae (BP) = number of bromeliads positive for Culicidae, * epiphytic bromeliad, ** terrestrial bromeliad, *** terrestrial and epiphytic bromeliad. (Lopes et al 1985;Furieri 2004), although it is not strong enough to eliminate the positive correlation between abundance and volume, only being able to reduce this effect, as anticipated in the models proposed by Casula et al (2006). The weak correlation between abundance of culicids and water body volume can then be explained, not by the increase in space or of alloctonous resources that favor higher growth of culicid populations, but rather by changes in physical and chemical variables, as was found in the species Wy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) inhabiting foliar tanks of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule (Bromeliaceae) in central Amazonia, Brazil

Torreias¹,

Ferreira-Keppler²,

Godoy³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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ABSTRACT. Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) inhabiting foliar tanks of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule (Bromeliaceae) in central Amazonia, Brazil. Mosquitoes in the family Culicidae develop their immature forms in different environments depending on various circumstances. This study represents the first contribution to the ecological knowledge of culicids living in the bromeliad G. brasiliensis. The objectives of the study were to compare the Culicidae fauna of bromeliads in two seasonal periods, analyzing their abundance, richness and the influence of pH, conductivity and water volume, on the populations. Sampling was done at Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil between 2003 and 2005. Six samplings were done in the rainy season and six in the dry season. On each sampling day, six terrestrial and six epiphytic bromeliads, totaling 144 sampling units, were retrieved. A total of 444 immature mosquitoes were collected, distributed in the following species:The relationship between abundance of Culicidae and sampling period was not significant, although abundance was higher in the dry period. There were significant correlations between water volume and the abundance (p = 0.003) and richness (p = 0.001) of culicids. The pH was positively related to the occurrence of the species Wy. autocratica (p= 0.010) and Wy. splendida (p= 0.006), demonstrating the influence of this factor in the structuring of bromeliadinhabiting communities.KEYWORDS. Amazon; Aquatic insects; Culex (Microculex); Phytotelmata; Wyeomyia.RESUMO. Mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) habitando tanques foliares de Guzmania brasiliensis Ule (Bromeliaceae) na Amazônia Central, Brasil. Mosquitos da família Culicidae desenvolvem suas formas imaturas em vários ambientes na dependência de circunstâncias diversas. Este trabalho representa a primeira contribuição ao conhecimento ecológico de culicídeos em G. brasiliensis e tem como objetivo inventariar os imaturos em bromélias em dois períodos sazonais, analisando a abundância, riqueza e a influência das variáveis abióticas pH, condutividade e volume de água sobre as populações de Culicidae. A relação entre abundância de Culicidae e períodos não foi significativa, entretanto, o período seco apresentou maior representatividade de imaturos. Houve significância na relação do volume de água e abundância (p= 0,003) e riqueza (p= 0,001) de culicídeos. O pH foi o único parâmetro relacionado positivamente com a ocorrência das espécies Wy. autocratica (p= 0,010) e Wy. splendida (p= 0,006) ressaltando a influência deste fator na estruturação das comunidades bromelícolas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) inhabiting foliar tanks of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule (Bromeliaceae) in central Amazonia, Brazil

Torreias¹,

Ferreira-Keppler²,

Godoy³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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“…2004, Casula et al. 2006, Schmitz 2007). For example, intraguild interactions can be positive (functional facilitation), whereby predators facilitate the capture of prey by other predator species (Losey and Denno 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversity positively affects prey suppression by invertebrate predators: a meta‐analysis

Greenop

Woodcock

Wilby

et al. 2018

Ecology

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The use of pesticides within agricultural ecosystems has led to wide concern regarding negative effects on the environment. One possible alternative is the use of predators of pest species that naturally occur within agricultural ecosystems. However, the mechanistic basis for how species can be manipulated in order to maximize pest control remains unclear. We carried out a meta‐analysis of 51 studies that manipulated predator species richness in reference to suppression of herbivore prey to determine which components of predator diversity affect pest control. Overall, functional diversity (FD) based on predator's habitat domain, diet breadth and hunting strategy was ranked as the most important variable. Our analysis showed that increases in FD in polycultures led to greater prey suppression compared to both the mean of the component predator species, and the most effective predator species, in monocultures. Further analysis of individual traits indicated these effects are likely to be driven by broad niche differentiation and greater resource exploitation in functionally diverse predator communities. A decoupled measure of phylogenetic diversity, whereby the overlap in variation with FD was removed, was not found to be an important driver of prey suppression. Our results suggest that increasing FD in predatory invertebrates will help maximize pest control ecosystem services in agricultural ecosystems, with the potential to increase suppression above that of the most effective predator species.

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“…Empirical studies show that increasing diversity of natural enemies can result in a full spectrum of outcomes, including additive, antagonistic, synergistic, or no effects on biological control (Casula et al 2006;Janssen et al 2006Janssen et al , 2007. Less attention has been paid to the impact of pest species diversity on biological control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much research has been devoted as to whether the presence of multiple natural enemies leads to more efficient pest suppression than the presence of single enemy species (Rosenheim et al 1995;Denoth et al 2002;Cardinale et al 2003;Casula et al 2006). Empirical studies show that increasing diversity of natural enemies can result in a full spectrum of outcomes, including additive, antagonistic, synergistic, or no effects on biological control (Casula et al 2006;Janssen et al 2006Janssen et al , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest species diversity enhances control of spider mites and whiteflies by a generalist phytoseiid predator

Messelink¹,

Maanen

Holstein-Saj³

et al. 2009

BioControl

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To test the hypothesis that pest species diversity enhances biological pest control with generalist predators, we studied the dynamics of three major pest species on greenhouse cucumber: Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch in combination with the predator species Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot. When spider mites infested plants prior to predator release, predatory mites were not capable of controlling spider mite populations in the absence of other pest species. A laboratory experiment showed that predators were hindered by the webbing of spider mites. In a greenhouse experiment, spider mite leaf damage was lower in the presence of thrips and predators than in the presence of whiteflies and predators, but damage was lowest in the presence of thrips, whiteflies and predators. Whitefly control was also improved in the presence of thrips. The lower levels of spider mite leaf damage probably resulted from (1) a strong numerical response of the predator (up to 50 times higher densities) when a second and third pest species were present in addition to spider mites, and (2) from A. swirskii attacking mobile spider mite stages outside or near the edges of the spider mite webbing. Interactions of spider mites with thrips and whiteflies might also result in suppression of spider mites. However, when predators were released prior to spider mite infestations in the absence of other pest species, but with pollen as food for the predators, we found increased suppression of spider mites with increased numbers of predators released, confirming the role of predators in spider mite control. Thus, our study provides evidence that diversity of pest species can enhance biological control through increased predator densities.

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Understanding biodiversity effects on prey in multi‐enemy systems

Cited by 117 publications

References 54 publications

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) inhabiting foliar tanks of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule (Bromeliaceae) in central Amazonia, Brazil

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) inhabiting foliar tanks of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule (Bromeliaceae) in central Amazonia, Brazil

Functional diversity positively affects prey suppression by invertebrate predators: a meta‐analysis

Pest species diversity enhances control of spider mites and whiteflies by a generalist phytoseiid predator

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